essay plans Flashcards
social issues were the main cause of rebellion in ireland and england in tudor period
social issues - not most acute but was a significant cause in 1549. kett, pilgrimage of grace - statue of uses
religious causes - evident in 1536-1569- more important , PoG, western and northern earls
political - most significantly during henry VII reign, pretenders, lady jane grey and northern earls and all of irish rebellions
most recurring theme over the whole period
tudor rebellions in england failed due to lack of support
support - number of supporters - oxfordshire, essex however PoG had 40,000 and still failed
type - lack of support from gentry and nobility would have meant rebellion had less chance of success. cornish had lawyers, priests monks and gentry
leadership- good leadership = more chance of success oxforshire led by commoners, cornish looked to lord audely, aske successful
government respose - if it wasnt for government response rebellions could have been allowed to develop and become more threatening
to what extent did tudor rebellions in england fail to achieve any of its aims
most failed aims - tax rebellions were successful
dynastic rebellions failed - lady jane grey showed some success
economic rebellions achieved success - western prevented cloth tax. neither kett or western stopped enclosures
taxation was most successful - tax was not collect
relgious rebellions had little success, only hardened religious policy - more protestant prayer book in 1552, full elizabethen settlement
how effectively did tudor government deal with unrest
frequency of rebellions declined suggesting monarchs were effective
- nobility and gentry- through rewards and patronage government were able to build up support
- not always effective henry was forced into battle and military force was ineffective in ireland.tyrone took 9 years to crush
- negociations and pardons - amicable grant dispersed, neither western of kett dispersed as a result of negociations
- treatment of rebels - handling of irish rebellions showed little understanding of their grievances
the tudors were never seriously threatened by rebellion how far do you agree
- rebellions failed to attract support,- lovell and stafford and wyatts. promised foreign support put off rebels. some were too localised to gain support
- nobility - if they joined rebels they were a threat, if on monarchs side they acted as a local government norfolk sent- PoG, kett, amicable grant. lessened the threat
- role of the church - central part of peoples lives, church leaders were supporters of the crown. sermons used in 1549
was a threat
-nobles could be source of instability, kildare, tyrone and essex
church - encouraged rebellions 1536, 1549, 1569 and ireland
force of the state were weak in ireland
how far did england become more politically stable during the period 1485-1603
- decline in frequency suggests more stability. common during henry VII, elizabeth only faced 3 rebellions, however essex was able to raise forces in london proving some sort of instability
- decline of religious conflict = more stability, elizabethen church did much to reduce religious tensions
- change in role of nobility - nobles involved in rebellions at start of period. nobles then acted as local councils rebellions became less common
-growth of development of government institutions helped maintain control.
stability did increase as frequency of rebellions declined
the crown was the most important factor in maintaining political stability. how far do you agree
crown - was most important factor as it had great source of authority. propaganda henry 8 coinage and paintings. frequency of rebellion can shown respect for the monarch
church - centre of peoples lives, reinforced obedience through sermons cramners homilies. some rebellions occurred as a result of religion
parliament - not regular part only met when monarch said. house of lord tried nobles in pilgrimage of grace, passed penal laws in 1571
council - importance increased throughout the period. implemented policies such as elizabethen church settlement. privy council had more education under elizabeth meaning they helped with better advice
nobles - changed role throughout period. at end of period nobles acted like local governors, norfolk ended amicable grant, PoG and kett, lord russell western and mountjoy in tyrones. however nobility was a concern with essex rebellion
government strategy in dealing with rebellions in england and ireland changed little during the tudor period. how far do you agree
changed a little
use of spies - henry and elizabeth used spies
use of nobility - 4/5 monarchs used nobility
preemptive measures - many monarchs used preemptive measures to deal with rebellions
ireland - all used martial law and military force when dealing with rebellions
change a lot
consulting advisors - henry vii did not conclust advisors much mary and elizabeth had to due to them being women
trial and retribution - henry and mary were more lenient and henry and elizabeth were harsh
propaganda was most important strategy used by government to control rebellion in tudor england
- propaganda was widely used to persuade rebels to give up and go home. ineffective as rebels were illiterate. use of sermins kett - sent preachers PoG pamphlet
- military force- useful in dynastic rebellions and effective if monarchy could trust rebels
- pre emptive measures - used by all monarchs, most important as there was no standing army
rebellions in england presented a greater threat to government ministers than to tudor monarchs
no tudor government was overthrown so monarchs were actually never seriously threatened
-rebellions that aimed to despose the monarch would have been more serious, cornish and yorkshire very threatening as henry entered battle
- henryc underestimated size of amicable grant and was slow in dealing with pilgrimage of grace, limited resources made rebellions more of a threat. all of his ministers retained kings backing
-edward was not threatened by rebellion but his ministers were somerset made ketts rebellion worse
-mary was badly advised by her council adding to the threat of wyatts, her and her ministers threatened
-elizabeth - cecil strengthened his authority
1601 both elizabeth and robert cecil faced danger from essex
somorset was the only minister to fall from power
force was the most effective method of responding to rebellion in england HFDYA
force - not effective- costly raising troops, often last resort. troop shortages
preemptive measures - more effective, excommunication in 1489, weakened rebel forces
propaganda - ineffective as rebels were illiterate
buying time - most effective as government had no standing army, offering of pardons and negociations
nobility - government relied on nobility to raise troops, nobles could defeat rebels locally
tudor government in england and ireland were slow to respond to the outbreak of rebellion how far do you agree
consulting advisors - slow - western somerset was not regularly consulted, pilgrimage of grace didnt know the size, wyatt - mary faced conflicting advise
quick: henry acted quickly in response to rebellions, elizabeth used spies
RAISING TROOPS- simnel was slow as army was in the north dealing with the scottish threat meaning henry didnt have an army, POG took over 2 weeks to raise a force
wyatt - mary and elizabeth were quick to raise troops
henry VII was often quick in dealing with rebellion
IRELAND - innate hatred of english involvement and clan rivalry made rebellions in england hard to surpress. elizabeth dealt with all 4 rebellions slowly and effectively
propaganda was the most important strategy used by government to control rebellion in england
PROPAGANDA - widely used to persuade rebels to give up. ineffective as rebels were illiterate. PoG pamphlet attacked the rebels and kett was sent preachers yet these did very little
MILITARY FORCE - useful in dynastic rebellions but was often last resort due to cost of raising troops
BUYING TIME - most effective measure because the government had no standing army, offering pardons helped buy time
PRE EMPTIVE MEASURES - to try and weaken the rebel forces before they got out of hand
to what extent was dynastic rebellions a cause throughout the period
dynastic - henry7 saw the most frequent dynastic challenge, lady jane grey, wyatt, northern earls and wyatt
factionalism - affected every monarch and was most common cause of rebellion, emergence of councillors led to development of factions
taxation - main cause of 1525, 1489 and 1597- important up to 1549 but after declined
religious - only a cause after the break from rome to 1569
how far did the cause of rebellion in england remain the same throughout the period 1485-1603
remained the same
- factional - occurred with every monarch
- dynastic - although its importance decline it still occurred under every monarch apart from edward
changed
enclosures - only a problem in 1596
taxation - only a problem in the early period
religion - only a problem after break from rome to 1569
