Nervous System

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

Nerve cell

Question 2

Impulse

Answer 2

An action potential

Question 3

Synapse

Answer 3

Functional connection between the axon terminal of a neuron and the dendrite or cell body of another neuron or the membrane of another cell type

Question 4

Neurotransmitters

Answer 4

Chemical that an axon secretes at a synapse that stimulates or inhibits an effector (muscle or gland) or other neuron

Question 5

Cell body

Answer 5

Part of a neuron that includes cytoplasm and a nucleus, and form which nerve processes extend

Question 6

Dendrite

Answer 6

Process of a neuron that receive input from other neurons

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

The process that conducts an impulse away from the neuron cell body. A nerve fiber

Question 8

Central nervous system

Answer 8

(CNS) The brain and spinal cord

Question 9

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 9

(PNS) Parts of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 10

Neuroglia

Answer 10

Specialized cells of the nervous system that, depending on the type of neuroglia, produce myelin, maintain the ionic environment, provide growth factors that support neurons, provide structural support, and play a role in cell to cell communication

Question 11

Sensory Receptor

Answer 11

Specialized structure associated with the peripheral end of a sensory neuron specific to detecting a particular stimulus and triggering an impulse in response.

Question 12

Effectors

Answer 12

A muscle or gland, either of which can effect change in the body

Question 13

Somatic nervous system

Answer 13

Motor pathways of the peripheral nervous system that lead to skeletal muscles

Question 14

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 14

Motor portion of the peripheral nervous system that control the viscera and operates without conscious effort

Question 15

Myelin

Answer 15

Lipid material that forms a sheath-like covering around some axons. It provides electrical insulation

Question 16

Myelin sheath

Answer 16

lipid-rich layer formed from certain neuroglia that wraps around an axon, providing insulation.

Question 17

Neurofilaments

Answer 17

fine, cytoplasmic threads that extend from the cell body into the axon for its entire length

Question 18

Chromatophilic substance

Answer 18

(Nissl bodies) Membranous sacs in the cytoplasm of neurons that have ribosomes attached to their surfaces

Question 19

Neurilemma

Answer 19

outer layer formed from Schwann cells on the the exterior of some axons, outside of the myelin sheath

Question 20

Nodes of ranvier

Answer 20

the many gaps in the myelin sheath along axons of myelinated neurons of the peripheral nervous system

Question 21

Ganglion

Answer 21

(plural, ganglia) Mass of neuron cell bodies outside the central nervous system

Question 22

Sensory neuron

Answer 22

neuron that conducts impulses from sensory receptors to the central nervous system

Question 23

Interneuron

Answer 23

neuron within the CNS, often connecting a sensory neuron and a motor neuron; internuncial or association neuron

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

(plural, nuclei) (1) the dense core of an atom, composed of protons and usually neutrons. (2) cellular organelle enclosed by double-layered, porous membrane and containing DNA. (3) masses of interneuron cell bodies in the central nervous system.

Question 25

Motor neuron

Answer 25

neuron that conducts impulses from the central nervous system to an effector