Ch 1: Biology & Behavior Flashcards

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1
Q

Franz Gall

A

Early theory linking behavior, intellect, and personality to brain anatomy.

Phrenology - brain expands physically when well developed

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2
Q

Pierre Flourens

A

First person to study major brain functions by extirpation (ablation). Asserts that specific parts = specific functions

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3
Q

extirpation

A

various parts of the brain are surgically removed to observe behavioral consequences

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4
Q

William James

A

Father of American psychology. Believed in importance of studying how the mind functioned in adapting to the environment. One of first theories that formed functionalism

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5
Q

Functionalism

A

a system of thought in psychology that studied how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environments

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6
Q

John Dewey

A

Criticizes the concept of reflex arcs. Believes that psychology should focus on the study of the organism as a whole as it functioned to adapt to the environment

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7
Q

Paul Broca

A

examined behavioral deficits of people with brain damage, demonstrates that specific functional impairments could be linked to specific brain lesions

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8
Q

Hermann von Helmholtz

A

measured speed of nerve impulse

credited with transition of psychology into natural sciences

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9
Q

Sir Charles Sherrington

A

Inferred existence of synapses; thought synaptic transmission was an electrical process, but it’s actually a chemical process.

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10
Q

Afferent neurons

A

transmit sensory information from receptors to spinal cord and brain (CNS)

“Ascends to the brain”

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11
Q

efferent neurons

A

transmit motor information from CNS to muscles and glands

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12
Q

interneurons

A

most abundant, found between other neurons

predominantly in CNS, often linked to reflexive behavior

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13
Q

explain what happens when you step on a lego, wrt the reflex arcs

A

When the receptors of the foot detect pain, signal is transmitted by afferent neurons up to the spinal cord, connecting to interneurons to replay pain impulses to brain. Rather than waiting for brain to send out a signal, interneurons in spinal cord send signals to muscles of both legs, causing individual to withdraw foot with pain

sensory information still makes its way up to the brain, but once it does, muscles have already responded to the pain

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