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204- MSK > Anatomy of the forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Which bony structures for anatomical landmarks of the two bones in the forearm?

What lies between these two bones?

A

ULNA tuberosity and styloid process of ulna

RADIAL tuberosity and styloid process of ulna

Interosseus membrane

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2
Q

Consider the elbow joint

What kind of joint is this?
Which range of movement does this facilitate?

There is also a proximal radioulnar joint. What kind of joint is this and which range of movement does it facilitate?

A

Synovial hinge joint- flexion/extension

Proximal raadioulnar joint is a PIVOT joint for supination and pronation

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3
Q

Consider the elbow joint

Which bony structures of the bones involved for this joint?

A

Capitulum and trochlea (forms trochlea notch) of humerus (anteriorly)
Olecranon of humerus posteriorly

Head of radius, and radial notch

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4
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

State the three ligaments in the elbow?

A

Ligaments stabilise/strengthen joint

Radial collateral ligament
Annular ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament

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5
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

Borders, structures passing through

A

Triangle region over anterior elbow

Its borders include the lateral and medial epicondyle, brachioradialis and pronator teres

The brachialis muscle
Lateral cutaneous nerve to forearm
Median nerve
Brachial artery
Biceps tendon
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6
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the median cubital vein?

A

Important for venopuncture

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7
Q

The forearm can be divided into compartments. The flexor compartment is found anteriorly.

State the four muscles found in the superficial layer

Where do they originate?

A

Pronator teres- pronator
Flexor carpi radialis- flexor
Palmaris longus- flexor
Flexor carpi ulnaris- flexor

Common flexor origin (medial epicondyle)

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8
Q

The forearm can be divided into compartments. The flexor compartment is found anteriorly.

State the muscle found in the intermediate layer

Where does it originate and insert? Function

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insertion: middle phalanges
Function: flexor of digits 2-5

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9
Q

The forearm can be divided into compartments. The flexor compartment is found anteriorly.

State the three muscles found in the deep layer

Where do they originate and insert? Function?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus- flexor of digits 2-5

Flexor pollicis longus - flexor of thumb

Pronator quadratus - pronator

Origin: medial epicondyle
Insert: distal phalanges

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10
Q

The forearm can be divided into compartments. The extensor compartment is found posteriorly.

State the names and functions of the muscles in the superficial layer
(excluding brachioradialis and anconeus)

A

EXTENSORS OF WRIST
Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis-
Extensor carpi ulnaris

EXTENSOR OF DIGITS 2-5
Extensor digitorum

ACCESSORY EXTENSORY TO DIGIT 5
Extensor digiti minimi

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11
Q

State the orgin, insertion and function of the brachioradialis m

A

Origin: Lateral supracondylar ridge

Insertion: Styloid process of the radius

Function: flexion of elbow

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12
Q

State the orgin, insertion and function of the Anconeus m

A

Origin: dorsal side of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Insertion: olecranon of the ulna

Function: extension of elbow and rotation of forearm

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13
Q

The forearm can be divided into compartments. The extensor compartment is found posteriorly.

State the names and functions of the muscles in the deep layer

A

Supinator

ANATOMICAL SNUFF BOX
- Extensor of thumb
Abductor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis longus
- Abductor of thumb
Extensor pollicis brevis-

Accessory extensor to digit 2
Extensor indicis

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14
Q

Which muscles are responsible for wrist abduction?

Which muscles are responsible for wrist adduction?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor carpi radialis (longus+brevis)

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Extensor carpi ulnaris

Together muscles splint the wrist to allow fine movements of the hand

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15
Q

Which muscles are involved in supination?

What happens to the bones of the forearm during pronation?

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator

The radius rotates over the ulna facilitated by the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

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16
Q

Which muscles are involved in pronation?

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

17
Q

What is the carpal tunnel?

What does it contain?

What surrounds it?

A

Tunnel for flexor tendons to digits and median nerve

  1. Median nerve
  2. Flexor policis longus
  3. Flexor digitorum superficialis
  4. Flexor digitorum profundus

Synovial sheaths

18
Q

Which structure lies anteriorly to the carpal tunnel?

What is its function?

A

Flexor retinaculum- the transverse carpal ligament

Prevents bowing of tendons

19
Q

What is carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

Median nerve compression due to increased pressure in carpal tunnel- associated with trauma, obesity and pregnancy

20
Q

What is Golfers elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at CFO

Tendon inflammation due to overuse/excessive rippig

21
Q

What is Tennis elbow?

A

Epicondylitis at CEO (tendon inflammation due to overuse/forceful extension

22
Q

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A
  • Prevents bowing of tendons

- Separates tendons into compartments

23
Q

State the name and insertions of the long tendons (digits 2-5)

A

Flexor digitorum profundus- into distal phalanx

Extensor digitorum- into middle and distal phalanx

Flexor digitorum superficialis- into middle phalanx

24
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the forearm

A

At the cubital fossa the brachial artery divides into:

Radial artery - under bracioradialis

Ulnar artery- under flexor carpi ulnaris, gives off common interosseous

Anastomosis around elbow joint ( by recurrent branches of radial and ulnar artery)

25
Q

State the branches of the ulnar artery

A

Common interosseous artery

Posterior interosseous artery

Anterior interosseous artery

26
Q

Which nerves supply the forearm?

A

Median nerve

Radial nerve

Ulnar nerve

27
Q

Describe the location of the median nerve and its passage

A

Lies mid forarm between FDS and FDP
- Gives off anterior interosseous nerve to deep flexor muscles

Passes through carpal tunnel

Function:

  • Motor supply to anterior compartment except FCU/medial aspect of FDP
  • Sensory to lateral palm + d1-3 + 1/2 d4
28
Q

Describe the motor and sensory supply provided by the ulnar nerve

A
  • Motor supply to FCU and medial part FDP

- Sensory supply to medial hand including 1/2 d4 + d5

29
Q

Describe the location and branches of the radial nerve

A

Enters forearm on lateral side under brachioradialis

  1. Superficial branch (sensory)
    - under brachioradialis
    - winds round to dorsum of hand
  2. Deep branch - posterior interosseus nerve (motor)
    - passes through supinator muscle
    - Enters extensor (posterior) compartment
30
Q

Which disorder is caused by radial nerve palsy?

A

Wrist drop

31
Q

Consider the cutaneous innervation of the forearm

In the anatomical position, state the nerves that supply the anterior skin

A

Lateral side- lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm (musculocutaneous)

Medial side- medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

Lateral palm + thumb + d2+d3+1/2 d4 = median nerve

Medial palm + 1/2 d4 + d5= ulnar nerve

32
Q

Consider the cutaneous innervation of the forearm

In the anatomical position, state the nerves that supply the posterior skin

A

Lateral side- musculocutaneous nerve

Medial side- medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

Middle forearm - radial nerve( branches from arm)

204- MSK (16 decks)

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