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204- MSK > Morpological plan of lower limbs > Flashcards

Morpological plan of lower limbs Flashcards

1
Q

Consider the movements of the thigh

Which muscles are responsible for flexion?

A
  • Rectus femoris
  • Sartorius
  • Iliopsoas
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2
Q

Consider the movements of the thigh

Which muscles are responsible for extension?

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Hamstring
  • Hamstring part of adductor magnus
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3
Q

Consider the movements of the thigh

Which muscles are responsible for abduction?

A
  • Gluteus minimus

- Gluteus medius

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4
Q

Consider the movements of the thigh

Which muscles are responsible for adduction?

A
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis
  • Adductor part of adductor magnus
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
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5
Q

Consider the movements of the thigh

Which muscles are responsible for medial and lateral rotation?

A
  • Gluteal muscles
  • Hamstrings
  • Adductors
  • Short rotators
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6
Q

How does the development of the lower limb allow for good propulsions

A
  • Extensors are anterior, flexors are posterior (allows for good propulsion). This occurs due to medial rotation of lower limb during week 6-8 of development which brings the posterior compartment anterior
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7
Q

What are the functions of the lower limb

A
  • Locomotion (walking)
  • Weight bearing
  • High stresses
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8
Q

Outline the movement facilitated by the hip, knee, ankle and foot joints

A

HIP joint
- Flexion, extension, medial/lateral rotation, abduction/adduction, circumduction

KNEE joint
- Flexion, extension, medial/lateral rotation

ANKLE joint
- Dorsiflexion (extension), plantarflexion (flexion)

FOOT joints
- Eversion, inversion, supination, pronation, extension, flexion

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9
Q

State the nerve roots of the femoral. obturator and sciatic nerves

A
  • Femoral= L2-L4 (lumbar plexus)
  • Obturator= L2-L4 (lumbar plexus)
  • Sciatic= L4-S3 (sacral plexus)
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10
Q

Function of femoral nerve

Passes behind inguinal ligament

A

Motor- anterior compartment of thigh

Sensory- skin over anterior thigh, knee, medial side of leg and foot

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11
Q

Saphenous nerve is a branch of which nerve? Nerve roots?

Function

A
  • Femoral nerve
  • L2-L4
  • Sensory to medial leg and foot
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12
Q

Function of obturator nerve

Passes through obturator foramen

A

Motor- medial compartment of thigh (except pectineus and hamstring part of adductor magnus)

Sensory- skin over medial thigh

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13
Q

Function of sciatic nerve
(passes through greater sciatic foramen)

Divisions

A

Motor: Posterior compartment of thigg, leg, foot and hamstring part of AM

Sensory: Lateral skin over leg and foot

In popliteal fossa becomes the tibial nerve and the common fibular nerve (divides in deep and superficial)
- Lower down deep fibular and tibial nerve give rise to sural nerve

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14
Q

Describe the blood supply of the lower limbs and the structures through which the arteries pass

A 
External iliac artery
(inguinal ligament)
Femoral artery --> profunda femoris artery (to posterior thigh)
(adductor hiatus)
Popliteal artery
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries
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15
Q

Which structures lie within the femoral triangle?

Which ones lie within the femoral canal, femoral sheath?

A

Lymphatics, femoral VAN

In femoral canal is lymphatics
In femoral sheath is the femoral vein and artery

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16
Q

Which structures make up the femoral triangle?

What is the clinical significance of the femoral triangle?

A
  • Sartorius
  • Adductor longus
  • Inguinal ligament

Femoral hernia (femoral canal), angioplasty, femoral nerve block, venepuncture

17
Q

Where does the femoral artery travel under?

A

Adductor magnus into adductor hiatus

18
Q

What are the major superficial veins of the lower limbs?

A
  • Great saphenous vein
  • Small saphenous vein

They drain dorsal venous arch of fott

19
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Damage to valves in perforating veins leading to pooling of bloods in superficial veins - varicosities

20
Q

Describe the longest vein the the body

A

GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN

  • drains medial side of arch
  • medial side of lower limb
  • Drains into femoral vein in femoral triangle
21
Q

Describe the short saphenous vein

A
  • Drains lateral side of arch
  • Pierces deep popliteal fascia
  • Drains into popliteal vein
22
Q

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the lower limbs

A

Superficial inguinal nodes
- drain skin and superficial fascia of lower limb

Deep inguinal nodes
- lies next to femoral vein in femoral triangle

23
Q

Outline the dermatomes of the lower limb

A

ANTERIORLY (hands in pockets)

  • L1, L2, L3,
  • L4 (from lateral thigh, knee, medial leg)
  • L5 (lateral knee and leg, middle toes)
  • S1 (lateral ankle, little toe)

POSTERIORLY

  • mainly S1 (lateral centre), and S2 (medial centre)
  • L5= achillies, foot bottom

204- MSK (16 decks)

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