Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Exam 3 > Blood flow > Flashcards

Blood flow Flashcards

1
Q

flow rule

A

flow= pressure/resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Factors affecting resistance to flow

A 
-Vessel radius
   4th power effect
   Increase radius → decrease resistance
-Vessel length
  Increase length → increase resistance
-Fluid viscosity
  Increase viscosity → increase resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Equation

A

Blood flow= blood pressure X vessel radius^4 / vessel length X blood viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

flow=

A

cardiac output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pressure=

A

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Resistance=

A

total peripheral resistance (TPR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

equation for CO

A

MAP/TPR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

arterioles

A
  • Small arteries that can change radius
  • Most regulation of blood flow
  • Greatest resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

arteriole regulation

A

Vasodilation: increase radius
→ decrease resistance

Vasoconstriction: decrease radius
→ increase resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Control of arteriole regulation

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sympathetic (what it innervates, action, results)

A

-Innervates smooth muscle of arterioles
-Action: vasoconstriction (most organ arterioles)
-Results:
Increase TPR
Increase MAP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Endocrine system

A

Epinephrine
Adh
Angiotensin II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epinephrine (actions, results)

A
  • Actions
    • Vasodilation in skeletal and cardiac muscles
    • Vasoconstriction in most vascular beds
  • Results
    • Increase blood flow to cardiac and skeletal muscle capillaries
    • Decreased TPR → decrease BP
    • Decreased blood flow to other areas
    • Increase TPR → maintain BP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ADH (actions, results)

A

Actions: increases H2O reabsorption by kidneys, vasoconstriction

Results

  • Increase TPR
  • Increase MAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Angiotensin (how its made, actions, results)

A
  • Angiotensinogen → angiotensin I → angiotensin II
  • Actions: vasoconstriction
  • Results:
    • Increase TPR
    • Increase MAP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Local control (3)

A
  • active hyperemia
  • reactive hyperemia
  • myogenic autoregulation
17
Q

Active hyperemia (what happens, what it responds to, caused by)

A
  • Increased metabolic activity → vasodilation
  • Response to low O2 and high CO2

Caused by:

  • CO2
  • H+
  • K+
18
Q

Reactive hyperemia (what happens, what it responds to, caused by)

A
  • Due to previous decrease in blood flow to tissue or blockage → vasodilation
  • Response to build up of metabolites
  • Caused by:
    • CO2
    • H+
    • K+
19
Q

Myogenic auto regulation (what happens, to regulate)

A

-Increased perfusion pressure → increased flow

  • To regulate
    • Increased perfusion pressure →
    • Smooth muscle stretch →
    • Increased constriction → decreased flow
20
Q

Regulating pressure (map)

A
  1. short term

2. long term

21
Q

Short term regulation (how long it lasts, regulated by, involves, what kind of control, examples)

A
  • Seconds to minutes
  • Regulated by CO and TPR
  • Involves heart and blood vessels
  • Neuronal control
  • Examples
    • Arterial baroreceptors
    • Cardiac and venous baroreceptors
22
Q

Arterial Baroreceptors (what they are, what they respond to, location, action)

A

-Pressure receptors, responds to stretch

  • Location
    • Aortic arch
    • Carotid sinuses

-Action: quickly compensates for BP changes

23
Q

Cardiac and venous baroreceptors (what they are, location, action)

A

-Volume receptors (low pressure baroreceptors)

  • Location:
    • Walls of atria
    • Walls of large systemic veins

-Action: quickly compensates for low blood volume

24
Q

Long term regulation (how long it lasts, regulated by, involves what, what kind of control, example)

A
  • Minutes to days
  • Regulated by blood volume
  • Involves kidneys
  • Hormonal control
  • Examples:
    • Renal regulation of blood volume
25
Q

Renal regulation of blood volume

A
  • Low BP → less urine output

- High BP → more urine output

26
Q

Capillaries (structure, function)

A

-Structure: smallest thin walled vessels (composed of endothelium)

  • Function: site of fluid/gas exchange
    • Pores between endothelium → allows protein-free plasma to cross
27
Q

Exchange mechanisms

A
  • diffusion

- bulk flow

28
Q

Diffusion

A
  • most common
  • lipophilic: solutes through membrane
  • lipophobic: solutes through pores
29
Q

Bulk flow (what it is, types)

A

-Movement of water and solutes through capillary pores

  • Types:
    • Filtration: move out of capillaries
    • Absorption: move into capillaries
30
Q

Forces across capillary walls

A
  1. hydrostatic

2. osmotic

31
Q

Hydrostatic pressure ( force due to.., types + pressure (mmHg), favors)

A

-Force due to fluid pressure

Types:

  • Capillary (blood) pressure
    - Arteriole end: 38 mmHg
    - Venous end: 16 mmHg
  • Interstitial fluid: 16 mmHg

-Favors: filtration

32
Q

Osmotic forces (osmotic pressure, favors)

A
  • Osmotic pressure
    • Capillary: 25 mmHg
    • Interstitial fluid: 0 mmHg

-Favors: absorption

33
Q

Results of forces across capillary walls

A

Arteriole end: 12 mmHg of filtration

Venous End: 10 mmHg of absorption

34
Q

What about excess fluid?

A

Lymphatic system picks it up → return to circulation

35
Q

Blood pressure determinations (blood pressure: kinds, examples…….pulse pressure: equation, example……Mean Arteriole Pressure (MAP): Equation)

A

-Blood pressure:
Systolic pressure/ diastolic pressure
Ex: 110/70

-Pulse pressure:
SP-DP
Ex: 110-70= 40 mmHg

-Mean arterioles pressure (MAP)
(SP+(2x70))/3

Physiology Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions