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Correlation 2 > OM and Petrography > Flashcards

OM and Petrography Flashcards

1
Q

Used extensively to examine transparent minerals, fragments, grains and small crystals, as well as thin sections of minerals, rocks and other crystalline aggregates

A

Polarizing Microscope

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2
Q

cut to such thickness that it increases or decreases retardation of a section by about 1/4λ

A

Mica Plate

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3
Q

It is used to determine fast and slow directions (electric vectors) of light polarization in crystals under view on the microscope stage by increasing or decreasing retardation of the light

A

Gypsum Plate

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4
Q

beam of light consists of a stream of minute particles, or photons, given off at high velocity by a luminous body that travel through space in straight lines and eventually reach the eye.

A

Corpuscular Theory

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5
Q

useful in the determination of the optical properties of individual crystals or aggregates and in the interpretations of textures, structures, growth patterns, and various relationship of natural or artificial substance.

A

Polarizing Microscope

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6
Q

considered light to be transmitted by the vibration of particle in the waves. The phenomena of light such as reflection, refraction, diffraction and interference may be readily explained in accordance with this theory.

A

Wave Theory

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7
Q

ground to produce interference colors from the beginning of the first to the end of the third or fourth order. Equals 0.009

A

Quartz Wedge

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8
Q

He is the proponent for the Wave Theory

A

Christian Huygens

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9
Q

considered light as made up of waves but said that waves are electromagnetic. A wave consists of rapidly alternating electric and magnetic fields normal to each other and normal to the direction of propagation of light

A

Electromagnetic Theory

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10
Q

He is the proponent for the Electromagnetic Theory

A

James Clerk Maxwell

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11
Q

assuming that radiating oscillators in a black body radiate energy discontinuously in units

A

Quantum Theory

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12
Q

black body that radiate energy discontinuously in units are called

A

Quanta

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13
Q

defined as the locus of all the points of a medium, which receives light wave disturbance simultaneously so that all these points are, in the same phase

A

Wave Front

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14
Q

a perpendicular drawn to the surface of a wave front at any point in the direction of propagation of light

A

Wave Normal

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15
Q

The direction in which light is propagated

A

Ray of Light

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16
Q

the wave normal and the direction of propagation of the light rays are perpendicular to the wave front

A

Isotropic

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17
Q

may represent a curve combining movement around a circle with motion along a straight line

A

Displacement

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18
Q

lies in the wavefront and is perpendicular to the ray in isotropic media. In anisotropic media, it is only perpendicular in limited directions

A

Vibration Direction

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19
Q

The light rays are not parallel to the wave normal

A

Anisotropic

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20
Q

distance between two successive crests or troughs, or any corresponding distance along the wave.

A

Wavelength

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21
Q

surface determined at a given instant by all parts of a system of waves traveling along the same direction and in the same phase. In anisotropic, it is perpendicular only in certain directions.

A

Wavefront

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22
Q

direction perpendicular to the wavefront. In isotropic, the wave normal and ray direction are the same. In anisotropic, they differ aside from certain directions

A

Wave Normal

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23
Q

number of vibrations in a given unit of time

A

Frequency

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24
Q

maximum displacement of a wave from the line of transmission

A

Amplitude

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25
Q

time interval necessary for a wave to undergo a complete oscillation

A

Period

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26
Q

point of the wave with the maximum upward displacement

A

Crest

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27
Q

point of the wave with the greatest downward displacement

A

Trough

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28
Q

a group of light waves following along a sample path

A

Beam

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29
Q

straight-line path followed by light in moving from one point to another

A

Ray

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30
Q

equal to the ratio of the wave-normal velocity in a vacuum to the wave-normal velocity in the medium whether isotropic or anisotrophic

A

Refractive Index

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31
Q

light of a single wavelength

A

Monochromatic Light

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32
Q

lies parallel to the plane of the wavefront. In isotropic, perpendicular to the direction of the propagation. In anisotropic, still parallel but not perpendicular to the direction of the propagation

A

Light Vector

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33
Q

measures the electrical displacement

A

Electric

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34
Q

measures the magnetic displacement or induction

A

magnetic

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35
Q

combination of all the different wavelengths visible to the eye. Maybe considered composed of seven different colors

A

White light

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36
Q

speed of light

A

186,284 mi/s

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37
Q

realistic virtual image with a flat field

A

Orthoscopic Observation

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38
Q

Low to high magnification objective
Analyzer out
Condenser top lens out
Bertrand lens out

A 
PPL
or
Plane Polarized Light
or
Uncrossed Nichols
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39
Q

What solution is used to clean the thin section?

A

Xylol Solution

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40
Q 
High magnification objective (40x) 
Analyzer in 
Condenser top lens in  
Bertrand lens in
Accessories in
A

Conoscopic Observation

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41
Q

Study of the interaction of light with minerals

A

Optical Mineralogy

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42
Q

Low to high magnification objective
Analyzer in
Condenser top lens out
Bertrand lens out

A 
XPL 
or 
Cross Polarized Light
or
Crossed Nichols
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43
Q

yields interference figures which represent an optical pattern caused by the behavior of light in individual crystal

A

Conoscopic Observation

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44
Q

Study of opaque minerals commonly studied in reflected light

A

Ore Microscopy

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45
Q

observed w/ plane prolonged light; not always the same as megacopic color

A

Color

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46
Q

change in color of a mineral in varying degrees as the stage is rotated due to differences in light absorption & extraordinary rays generally expressed as a formula

A

Pleochroism

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47
Q

the ability of a mineral to separate into smaller particles bounded of faces of possible crystal form. Expressed or best explained in terms of direction

A

Cleavage

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48
Q

can be expressed by using the terms eubedral subhedral anhedral; lath-shape, bladed etc

A

Shape and Form

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49
Q

Grains that show no recognizable crystal

A

Anhedral

50
Q

Grains that show imperfect but recognizable crystal form

A

Subhedral

51
Q

Grains that show sharp and clear crystal form

A

Euhedral

52
Q

degree of visibility of a transparent mineral in an immersion medium

A

Relief

53
Q

relief of Canada balsam

A

1.53

54
Q

index of refraction (R.I) of the mineral is Higher

than the medium

A

High Relief

55
Q

R.I almost the same with the medium

A

zero relief

56
Q

R.I of the mineral is lower than the medium

A

Low Relief

57
Q

varies as the stage is rotated, takes place if one n

mineral is near n balsam, and the other n mineral

A

Change of Relief

58
Q

the contrast between a mineral and its surroundings due to difference in refractive index.

A

Relief

59
Q

is the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to its velocity in the medium

A

Refractive Index

60
Q

is a band or rim of light visible along a grain/crystal boundary in plane-polarized light. It is best seen using the intermediate power lens (or low power in some cases), on the edge of the grain, with the diaphragm stopped down a bit

A

Becke Line

61
Q

is the result of two things, both related to refraction along the boundaries of mineral grains

A

Becke Line

62
Q

Those that display colors in varying degrees as the stage is rotated
-Produces interference color

A

Anisotropism

63
Q
  • Those w/ uniform physical properties in all directions

- Remain dark in all positions even if the stage is rotated.

A

istropism

64
Q

observed w/ reference to the Michel – Levy Chart

A

Interference Color

65
Q

is used in describing interference colors

A

Order

66
Q

This maximum colour is often diagnostic of an anisotropic mineral and it is observed in sections that display simultaneously the maximum and minimum refractive indices.

A

Birefringence

67
Q

Formation of rational symmetry intergrowth of 2 or more grains of crystalline species.

A

Twinning

68
Q

Form of penetration twinning where two crystals form as penetration twins

A

Carlsbad Twinning

69
Q

common within the plagioclase feldspars, in places where two adjoining twin slabs or lamellae are mutually reversed with respect to each other and every alternate twin ‘plate’ or ‘slab’ has an identical atomic structure.

A

Lamellar Twinning

70
Q

shows two kinds of repeated twinning in thin section, with one set of twins arranged at 90° to the other set. The lamellar twins overlap each other and have ‘fuzzy’ edges, giving a ‘tartan’ appearance.

A

Cross-Hatched Twinning

71
Q

Refers to solid solution which do not have uniform composition.

A

Zoning

72
Q

center is more sodic becoming more calcic toward the margin

A

Normal Zoning

73
Q

normally steplike progressions for more calcic interior to more sodic margins w/ local reversals in adjacent zones

A

Oscillatory Zoning

74
Q

center is more sodic becoming more calcic toward the margin

A

Reverse zoning

75
Q

when a mineral becomes dark parallel to the crosshairs.

A

Parallel Extinction

76
Q

at an angle with the direction of polars

A

Inclined Extinction
or
Oblique Extinction

77
Q

planes of mineral to the diagonal; vibration direction is diagonal

A

Symmetrical Extinction

78
Q

two arms of the cross form

A

Isogyre

79
Q

Interference Color, identical to those on the color chart.

A

Isochrome

80
Q

The point where Isogyres cross

A

Melatope

81
Q

The identification or interpretation of framework mineralogy and textures leading to classification of wallrock as sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous.

A

Petrography

82
Q

refers to degree of crystallinity, grain size or granularity, and the fabric or geometrical relationship between the constituents of a rock.

A

texture

83
Q

consist wholly of crystals

A

Holocrystalline

84
Q

Identification of replacement mineralogy and paragenesis, and interpretation in terms of histories of diagenesis, metamorphism, hydrothermal alteration and/or weathering.

A

Petrography

85
Q

consist entirely of glass

A

Holohyaline

86
Q

Contain both crystals and glass

A

Hypocrystalline
or
Merocrystalline

87
Q

Extremely minute, incipient crystals, provided they are birefringent

A

Microlite

88
Q

Smaller, spherical, rod- and hair-like isotropic from.

A

Crystallite

89
Q

Fine grained texture

A

Aphanitic or Eucrystalline

90
Q

Very-fine and undistinguishable under petrographic microscope

A

Cryptocrystalline

91
Q

Coarse Grained texture

A

Phaneritic or Dyscrystalline

92
Q

Very-coarsed grained texture

A

Pegmatitic

93
Q

Crystals were not bounded by crystal faces.

a. met
b. sed
c. ign

A

a. automorphic
b. idiomorphic
c. euhedral

94
Q

Crystals were partially bounded by crystal faces.

a. IGN
b. SED
c. MET

A

a. Anhedral
b. Allotriomorphic
c. Xenomorphic

95
Q

Crystals were not bounded by crystal faces.

a. IGN
b. MET

A

a. Subhedral

b. Hypidiomorphic

96
Q
  • Chiefly minerals are anhedral.
  • Common in aplites

a. IGN
b, MET
c. SED
d. Mineral

A

a. Aplitic
b. Xenomorphic Granular
c. Allotriomorphic Granular
d. Sugary/ Saccharoidal

97
Q
  • If chiefly minerals are euhedral
  • Common in dark hypabyssal rock

a. MET
b. IGN
c. SED

A

a. Automorphic Granular
b. Lamprophyre
c. Panidiomorphic Granular

98
Q

If all faces are present

a. MET
b. SED
c. IGN

A

Hypidiomorphic Granular
Hypautomorphic Granular
Granitic

99
Q

the phenocrysts lie in a matrix of glass

A

Vitrophyric texture

100
Q

If the groundmass is a dense intergrowth of quartz and feldspar

A

Felsophyric Texture

101
Q

If the groundmass of feldspar are rectangular in form instead of slender lath crystals

A

Orthophyric Texture

102
Q

term used to describe a porpyritic texture in which phenocrysts are clustered into aggregates

A

Glomeroporphyritic Texture
or
Glomerophyric texture

103
Q

accumulation of crystals occurs by surface tension and fixing by interpenetration due to crystal growth

A

Synneusis

104
Q

is widely used to determine order of crystallization; if one mineral is enclosed by another then the enclosed grain must have been the first to crystallize. This may sometime be true , but it is certainly not always so.

A

Poikilitic Texture

105
Q

one where random plagioclase laths are enclosed by pyroxene or olivine.

A

Ophitic Texture

106
Q

plagioclase is larger and encloses the ferromagnesian minerals

A

Sub-Ophitic Texture

107
Q

Angular interstices between feldspars filled with glass instead of pyroxene

A

Hyalophitic Texture

108
Q

A genetic term for a border of secondary minerals formed at the margin of a primary grain in an igneous or metamorphic rock

A 
Reaction Rim
or
Corona Texture
or
Opacitic Rim
109
Q

Formed from post-magmatic reaction

A 
Reaction Rim
or
Corona Texture
or
Opacitic Rim
110
Q

Secondary rim/coronas

A

Kelyphitic Rim

111
Q

a textural term indicating that a crystal occupies the angular space between at least two larger crystals. Intergranular crystals have crystallised later than the crystals that control their shape

A

Intergranular Texture

112
Q

A textural term used to denote that the angular spaces between larger crystals is occupied by glass, or glass and small crystals. The glass may be devitrified or altered to other phases.

A

intersertal texture

113
Q

Texture of the groundmass of a holocrystalline igneous rock in which lath-shaped microlites (typically plagioclase) are arranged in a glass-free mesostasis and are generally interwoven in irregular unoriented fashion.

A

Pilotaxitic Texture

114
Q

A texture of extrusive rocks in which the groundmass contains little volcanic glass and consists predominantly of minute tabular crystals, namely, sanidine microlites

A

Trachytic Texture

115
Q

An intergrowth of branching rods of quartz set in a single crystal of plagioclase, neighboring rod of quartz have the same lattice orientation and extinguish together.

A

Myrmekitic Texture

116
Q

Plagioclase commonly exhibits a variety of disequilibrium textures in volcanic rocks, especially in orogeny andesites

A

Sieve Texture

117
Q

Is an intimate intergrowth of sodic and potassic feldspar resulting from subsolidus exsolution

A

Perthitic Texture

118
Q

A process by which a solid solution phase unmixes into two separate phases in the solid state. 

A

Exsolution

119
Q

occurs only in minerals whose compositions vary between two or more pure endmember compositions.

A

Exsolution

120
Q

is an intergrowth arising due to exsolution where potassic feldspar is present as blebs or lamellae within a sodic feldspar

A

Anti-Perthitic Texture

121
Q

occurs in rocks that are rich in alkalies; hence the vitreous mass of the rocks has a relatively low viscosity

A

Trachytic Texture

Correlation 2 (19 decks)

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