Extracellular Matrix

Question 1

What are some types of extracellular matrix

Answer 1

bone, hair, tendon, skin

Question 2

What is the extracellular matrix

Answer 2

extracellular meshwork of proteins and hydrated macromolecules

Question 3

What does the ECM maintain

Answer 3

Migration, tissue integrity, proliferation, differentiation

Question 4

What are the extracellular matrix types?

Answer 4

Fibrous proteins, adhesion proteins, hydrated macromolecules

Question 5

Name some fibrous proteins

Answer 5

collagens, elastins

Question 6

Name some adhesion proteins

Answer 6

fibronectin, laminin

Question 7

Name some hydrated macromolecules

Answer 7

glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans

Question 8

Describe the structure of collagen

Answer 8

triple helix of alpha chains

Question 9

What produces collagen

Answer 9

fibroblasts, epithelial cells

Question 10

What disease is caused by collagen defects

Answer 10

Ehlers-danlos sydrome

Question 11

What is hydroxylated in collagen synthesis

Answer 11

prolines, lysines

Question 12

What is glycosylated in collagen synthesis

Answer 12

hydroxylysines

Question 13

What catalyses elastin synthesis

Answer 13

lysyl oxidase

Question 14

What elastin laid down over

Answer 14

microfibril scaffold of fibrillin

Question 15

WHat is the precursor for elastin

Answer 15

tropoelastin

Question 16

What are GAGs

Answer 16

sugar - glycosaminoglycans

Question 17

What are sugars

Answer 17

ground substance

Question 18

What is the difference between proteoglycans and glycoproteins

Answer 18

proteoglycans - higher sugar %

Question 19

What are proteoglycan complexes made of

Answer 19

proteins and polysaccharides

Question 20

What do proteoglycan complexes form complexes with?

Answer 20

collagen and hyaluronan

Question 21

What are proteoglycan complexes

Answer 21

aggregan aggregate

Question 22

What is aggregan aggregate

Answer 22

protein

Question 23

What encodes aggregan aggregate

Answer 23

ACAN gene

Question 24

Describe hyaluronic acid

Answer 24

non sulphated, large MW

Question 25

How is hyaluronic acid secreted

Answer 25

across the plasma membrane

Question 26

Where is hyaluronic acid found?

Answer 26

skin, connective tissue, eyes

Question 27

What does hyaluronic acid retain

Answer 27

water

Question 28

What does hyaluronic acid form

Answer 28

protein complexes

Question 29

Describe the extracellular matrix functions

Answer 29

structural, elastic, space filling, adhesive

Question 30

What is laminin

Answer 30

adhesive glycoprotein

Question 31

What is laminin comprised of ?

Answer 31

integrin, nidogen, globular domains

Question 32

What chains are laminin comprised of?

Answer 32

alpha, beta, gamma

Question 33

What is fibronectin

Answer 33

adhesive glycoproteins

Question 34

What are integrins?

Answer 34

ECM receptors, mechanical signalling linkers

Question 35

What do integrins bind to?

Answer 35

divalent cations

Question 36

What do integrins link

Answer 36

ECM, cytoskeleton

Question 37

What are integrins involved in?

Answer 37

cell movement

Question 38

What can integrin defects cause?

Answer 38

knockouts - embryonic lethal, platelet defects

Question 39

What does defects in b1 integrin cause

Answer 39

knockout embryonic lethal - implantation

Question 40

What do defects in a5 integrin cause

Answer 40

knockout embryonic lethal - mesoderm development