Haemostasis Flashcards by Isabella Smyth | Brainscape

Q

What can stem bleeding

A

plug of fibrin

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Q

What are the phases of haemostasis

A

vascular, platelet, coagulation, tissue repair

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Q

Where does the vascular phase

A

endothelial cells inside arteries

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Q

What is the function of prostacyclin

A

reduce spread of platelet aggregation

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Q

What is the function of vascular spasm

A

reduces lumen size of artery

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Q

Where does vascular spasm occur

A

arteries and arterioles

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Q

What do endothelial cells release

A

chemical factors and local hormones

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Q

What are endothelins

A

peptide hormones

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Q

What do endothelins stimulate

A

contraction of smooth muscle

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Q

Describe platelet structure

A

anucleate, flattened discs

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Q

What is thrombocytopoiesis

A

platelet production

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Q

Where are platelets formed

A

bone marrow - large megakaryocytes

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Q

What are the phases of platelets

A

adhesion, activation, aggregation

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Q

What are platelets important for

A

blood coagulation

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Q

What does platelets respond to in the adhesion phase?

A

exposed collagen of basement membrane

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Q

WHat stimulates platelet aggregation and secretion

A

ADP

Q

What cause vascular spasm

A

serotonin, thromboxane A2

Q

What promotes platelet formation

A

soluble factors

Q

What is is the platelet plug formed by

A

positive feedback loop

Q

What does coagulation convert

A

fibrinogen into insoluble protein fibrin

Q

What does coagulation promote

A

growth of fibrin network

Q

What pathways is coagulation triggered by

A

intrinsic, extrinsic, common

Q

Describe the intrinsic coagulation pathway

A

collagen triggers activation of pro-enzymes

Q

Describe the extrinsic coagulation pathway

A

release of tissue factor from damaged tissue

Q

Describe the common pathway of coagulation

A

activation of Factor X

Q

What does Factor X stimulate

A

prothrombinase

Q

What is the stabilising factor in coagulation

A

fibrin

Q

What does too much clotting form

A

thrombus

Q

what substances restrict clot formation

A

anti-thrombin iii, heparin

Q

Name some disorders associated with haemostasis

A

deep vein thrombosis, liver function, vitamin K deficiency

Q

What are the symptoms of haemophilia

A

absent or abnormal clotting

Q

What is deep vein thrombosis caused by

A

deficiency of anti-thrombin, inactivity

Q

How is haemophilia type A and B inherited

A

X linked recessive

Q

How is haemophilia type C inherited

A

autosomal recessive

Q

What von Willibrand’s disease

A

common inherited bleeding disorder

Q

What does haemophilia normally affect

A

Factor IX, XI, VIII