Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Digestive System (part 1) > Flashcards

Digestive System (part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory organs of digestion

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, pancreas, liver. Assist in digestion but not necessarily required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The abdominal cavity is peritoneum. True/false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alimentary canal

A

aka GI tract. Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is food material considered to enter the body?

A

No, it remains outside, but passes through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the purpose of the digestive system?

A

Acquire nutrients and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is alcohol absorbed?

A

the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are nutrients absorbed?

A

the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are water, electrolytes, and vitamins absorbed?

A

the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Absorbed nutrients are passed into veins of the digestive system and then go into the…

A

liver!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is absorbed through the small intestine and then passed into the lymphatic system?

A

Fats. through a lacteal duct. they eventually will enter the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the sigmoid colon store?

A

Feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 6 activities of digestion?

A

Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ingestion

A

taking food into the mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Propulsion

A

swallowing, partly voluntary. and peristalsis, involuntary movement of food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

chewing, churning of food in stomach, and segmentation. Occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breaks down food material into molecules. Occurs in the mouth (saliva), stomach (acids) and small intestine (bile from liver/enzymes from small intestine?)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Absorption

A

Transporting nutrients/electrolytes/water into veins; and fats into the lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of indigestible substances. Food passes through the GI tract and the body takes what it needs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Peristalsis

A

utilizes coordination of the circular and longitudinal muscles in the intestine to propel food through the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Segmentation

A

Utilizes the circular and longitudinal muscles of intestine to mix rather than propel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Histology of the GI tract

A

From inside out: mucosa (true epithelium), submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa (mesothelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Mucosa of GI tract

A

Innermost layer. True epithelium + lamina propria + muscularis mucosae. Epithelium is either stratified squamous or simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Submucosa of GI tract

A

2nd innermost layer. Contains arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics, sometimes mucus glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Muscularis externa of GI tract

A

2nd outermost layer. longitudinal smooth muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Serosa or adventitia of GI tract

A

Outermost layer. Mesothelium. Visceral peritoneum. Connective tissue layer. Simple squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Enteric Neurons

A

Autonomics- Myenteric to gut and Submucosal to muscularis mucosae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Submucosal nervous plexus

A

signals submucosal glands to secrete and muscularis mucosae to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Myenteric nervous plexus

A

located between the circular and longitudinal layers of muscularis externa. Controls peristalsis and segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

4 mucosal epithelium in GI tract

A

Protective, secretory, absorptive and absorptive/protective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Protective epithelium

A

stratified squamous, located in oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Secretory epithelium

A

simply columnar. Specialized for secreting mucus. Mucus-secreting cells and mucus-neck cells located in the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Absorptive epithelium

A

simple columnar cells. Modified for absorbing nutrients, located in small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Absorptive/protective epithelium

A

simple columnar. For absorbing water/electrolytes switching to stratified squamous. Absorptive cells in large intestine, stratified squamous in anal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Alveolar ridge

A

Line between the tooth and gum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Oral vestibule

A

Space between the lip and the alveolar ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Labial frenulum

A

Lip to the gum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Lingual frenulum

A

Tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the roof of the oral cavity formed by?

A

Hard palate- maxillary and palatine bones

Soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Uvula

A

Dangles from the soft palate in the back of the oral cavity

40
Q

The palatine tonsil is located…

A

Between the palatoglossal arch and the palatopharyngeal arch

41
Q

The three types of papilla on the tongue

A

Filiform, fungiform, and circumvallate

42
Q

Filiform papillae

A

Resemble pointed cones, most numerous, no taste buds

43
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Resemble mushrooms, posses taste buds

44
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

Resemble a circular wall, posses taste buds

45
Q

Sulcus terminalis of alimentary canal

A

Separates the circumvallate papilla and lingual tonsil

46
Q

Fauces

A

The opening between the oral cavity and the oropharynx

Formed by palatoglossal arch, uvula, and sulcus terminalis

47
Q

Tonsilar ring

A

Ring of protective tonsils in the oropharynx, includes palatine and lingual tonsils

48
Q

The three salivary glands

A

Parotid, sublingual, submandibular

49
Q

Parotid glands

A

secrete amylase (digest carbs) and lysosomes (lyse bacteria), parotid duct passes through buccinator

50
Q

Sublingual glands

A

Mucous cells, secrete mucus for lubrication, utilizes many ducts

51
Q

Submandibular glands

A

Serous and mucous cells, submandibular duct

52
Q

Teeth

A

2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars

53
Q

Esophagus

A

Carries food from oral cavity to stomach

Upper third skeletal muscle, middle mixed, inferior third smooth (involuntary)

54
Q

Esophagus histology and function

A

Mucosa has protective stratified squamous epithelium
Mucus glands in the submucosa
Muscularis externa has skeletal, smooth, or mixed muscle. May function as sphincter muscle, but cardiac sphincter of diaphragm serves as functional sphincter
External layer is adventitia, not serosa

55
Q

Regions of the stomach

A

Cardiac, funds, body and pyloris

56
Q

Rugae

A

Folds formed when the stomach decreases in size

57
Q

Stomach histology

A

Gastric pits-lined by modified simple columnar cells called mucus secreting cells. NO goblet cells.
Mucus neck cells- secrete mucus and line the neck of the gastric pit
Fundus and body have gastric pits and gastric glands
Muscularis externa has three layers of smooth muscle

58
Q

Gastric glands

A

Parietal cells- secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (for absorption of vitamin B)
Chief cells- secrete pepsin to breakdown proteins
Enteroendocrine cells- secrete gastrin which stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl

59
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Formed by thickened middle circular layer of stomach

60
Q

Small intestine

A

Site for nutrient absorption
Duodenum (intestine of 12 digits), jejunum and ileum
Duodenum begins after pyloric sphincter
Ileum ends at the ileo-cecal valve

61
Q

Histology of small intestine

A

Absorptive cells, lacteal vessels, goblet cells, Paneth cells (secrete lysosomes), peyers patches
Muscularis externa has 2 layers of smooth muscle
Surface of lumen has modifications to increase surface area

62
Q

Small intestine lumen

A

Plica circularis- thickened areas of submucosa
Villi- finger like projections
Mircovilli- microscopic folds on apical surface of cells
Crypts- located between adjacent villi
Paneth cells- located at base of crypts, secrete lysosomes

63
Q

Specializations of duodenum

A

Brunners glands- mucus secreting cells in submucosa

Enteroendocrine cells- food material entering duodenum stimulates the secretion if cholecystokinin and secretin

64
Q

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

A

Signals the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum

65
Q

Secretin

A

Stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive juices and bicarbonate into duodenum

66
Q

Large intestine is a site for….

A

Absorption of water and electrolytes

67
Q

The parts of the large intestine are…

A

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

68
Q

The large intestine begins at the…

A

Ileo-cecal junction

The ileo-cecal valve is a sphincter formed from inner circular layer of muscularis externa

69
Q

Ascending colon becomes…

A

Transverse colon at the right colic (hepatic) flexure

70
Q

The transverse colon becomes

A

descending colon at the left colic (splenic) flexure

71
Q

Vermiform appendix

A

Extension of the cecum

72
Q

Taenia coli

A

Longitudinal smooth muscle of the muscularis externa

73
Q

Haustra

A

Pockets formed by the contraction of taenia coli

74
Q

Epiploic appendages

A

Fat filled pouches hanging from the colon

75
Q

The large intestine is specialized for

A

Absorbing water and electrolytes and lubricating and moving solid feces

76
Q

Does the large intestine have villi?

A

No, because there is no need to increase surface area to absorb maximum nutrients. But there are very abundant goblet cells to secrete lots of mucus

77
Q

Some histology of the large intestine

A

Very deep intestinal glands and crypts of lieberkuehn

78
Q

More histo of large intestine

A

Abundant aggregated lymphoid nodules in submucosa-Not peyers patches. E. coli found inside.
Muscularis externa has 2 layers of smooth muscle, inner circular and outer longitudinal
Taenia coli- ribbons of the colon

79
Q

The rectum becomes…

A

the anal canal, epithelium changes from simple columnar to stratified squamous

80
Q

Internal sphincter of anus

A

Inner circular smooth muscle (involuntary)

81
Q

External sphincter of anus

A

Skeletal muscle, levator and (voluntary)

82
Q

Biliary tree

A

Bile produced in liver and travels through right and left hepatic ducts, which join and form common hepatic duct
Bile is stored in the gallbladder
When gallbladder contracts bile is excreted into cystic duct
Cystic duct plus common hepatic = common bile duct
Common bile duct plus pancreatic duct = duodenal (hepatopancreatic) ampulla and papilla

83
Q

Bile

A

Produced in liver, utilized in duodenum for emulsification of fats, stored in gallbladder

84
Q

Food material entering duodenum stimulates…

A

Secretion from enteroendocrine cells of duodenum, which produce cholecystokinin which causes the gallbladder to contract excreting bile into duodenum

85
Q

Pancreas

A

Located under stomach, head is in contact with duodenum, tail extended towards spleen

86
Q

Exocrine cells of pancreas

A

Acinar cells secrete enzymes into a duct
In response to secretin secreted from enteroendocrine cells of duodenum:
Proteases- breakdown proteins to polypeptides to amino acids
Amylases- complex sugars into simple
Lipases- fats (along with bile)
Nucleases- nuclear material, DNA, RNA
Bicarbonate- a buffer to neutralize acidic chyme from stomach

87
Q

Endocrine cells in pancreas

A

Secrete a hormone into the circulatory system
Insulin and glucagon in response to blood glucose concentrations
Alpha cells- glucagon and beta cells- insulin, make up islands of langerhans

88
Q

Insulin

A

Escorts glucose from blood into cells and signals the liver to store glucosamine lowers the blood glucose concentration

89
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serous membrane (mesothelium) lining the abdomen. One continuous membrane lining visceral organs (visceral peritoneum) and lining the walls (parietal peritoneum)

89
Q

Glucagon

A

Signals liver to release stored glucose, increases the blood glucose concentration

90
Q

Viscera that are intraperitoneal

A

Liver, stomach, jejunum and ileum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

91
Q

Viscera located outside (behind) the peritoneum = retro peritoneal

A

Esophagus, duodenum, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, pancreas

92
Q

Mesentery

A

Double layer of visceral peritoneum

93
Q

Mesentery of liver

A

Falciform ligament

94
Q

Mesentery of stomach

A

Greater and lesser omentum

95
Q

Mesentery of jejunum and ileum

A

Mesentery proper

96
Q

Mesentery of of transverse and sigmoid colon

A

Transverse mesocolon and sigmoid mesocolon, respectively

Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions