Pectoral Region

Question 1

Winged scapula

Answer 1

Long thoracic nerve damage due to:
Surgical trauma
Blunt trauma to neck and shoulder
Heavy backpack

Serratus anterior paralysed
Medial border of scapula no longer held against chest wall so protrudes

Question 2

Axillary lymphadenopathy

Answer 2

Enlargement of axillary lymph nodes due to:

• infection of upper limb
• infection of pectoral region and breast
• metastases
• leukaemia or lymphoma
• metastases from malignant melanoma

Question 3

Lymphoedema

Answer 3

Accumulation of lymph in subcutaneous tissue leads to painful swelling of the upper limb

Question 4

Risks of axillary lymph dissection

Answer 4

Damage to:

• long thoracic nerve -serratus anterior
• thoracodorsal nerve - latissimus dorsi