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FA flashCards > Immuno > Flashcards

Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

Name the conditions which shows spur cells

A

Liver disease

Abetalipoproteinemia

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2
Q

Name the conditions which shows burr cells

A

ESRD
Liver disease
Pyruvate kinase deficiency

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3
Q

What is Howell jolly bodies?

A

Basophilic nuclear remnants found in RBCs

Seen in asplenia or functional hyposplenia

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4
Q

Triad of diamond blackfan anemia

A

Macrocytic anemia

Triphalangeal thumb

Short stature

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5
Q

Popliteal lymph nodes received lymph from where?

A

Dorsolateral foot

Posterior calf

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6
Q

Internal iliac lymph nodes received lymph from where?

A

Lower rectum to above anal canal

Bladder
Prostate

Cervix
Middle third vagina

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7
Q

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes received from where?

A

Anal canal below pectinate line

Scrotum

Vulva

Skin below umbilical

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8
Q

Findings of post splenectomy

A

Howell jolly bodies
Target cells

Increase PLTs
Increase lymphocytes both due to loss of sequestration

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9
Q

HLA Of graves and hastimoto disease

A

DR3 for both

B8 for Graves

DR5 hashimoto

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10
Q

HLA for SLE

A

DR2 And 3

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11
Q

HLA For multiple sclerosis

A

DR2

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12
Q

HLA for Addison disease

A

B8 And DR4

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13
Q

Name the condition associated with diabetes in Male infant

A

IPEX
Immune dysregulation
Polyendocrine

Enteropathy
X linked

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14
Q

Most abundant immunoglobulin in serum and lowest concentration in serum

A

Former IgG

Latter IgE

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15
Q

Important point

A

If antigen is made up of lipid or lack a prepitide component = thymus independent antigen

And If antigen made up of peptide component = thymus dependent antigen

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16
Q

Important point

A

Angioedema and itching = mast cell activation either Type 1 HTN or direct mast cell activation

Angioedema w/o itching = due to excess bradykinin either due to C1 esterase deficient OR ACEI

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17
Q

Which interleukin decrease expression of MHC 2 and TH1 cytokines?

A

IL 10

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18
Q

Which cytokines increase MHC expression and antigen presentation by all cells?

A

Interferon gamma

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19
Q

Name the cytokines down regulates protein synthesis and upregulate MHC expression in virus infected cells

A

Interferon alpha and beta

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20
Q

What is serum sickness?

A

Occur after exposure to drug or infection HBV

Fever, hives, joint pain, protein in urine and enlarged lymph nodes

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21
Q

What is Arthur rxn?

A

Injection of antigen in pre sensitise individuals result immune complex formation

-Edema, necrosis and activation Of complement

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22
Q

Triad of Hyper IgE Syndrome

A

Infection

Retained primary teeth

Coarse facies with cold abscess

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23
Q

Hyper IgE Syndrome Occur due to:

A

Deficiency or TH17 cells due to STAT3. Mutation result no recruitment of neutrophils to sites of infection

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24
Q

Triad of ataxia telangiectaisa

A

Imbalance due to cerebellum

Spider angioplasty

Decrease IgA IgG And IgE

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25
Q

Name the x linked immun deficiency

A

Bruton

Hyper Igm Syndrome

WAS

CGD

26
Q

Name the monoclonal antibody which target complement protein C5

A

Eculizumab given in PNH

27
Q

Name the monoclonal antibody given in CD25 which is part of IL 2 receptor

A

Daclizumab

28
Q

Name the monoclonal antibody target IL 12/23

A

Ustekinumab

29
Q

Mechanism of febrile non haemolytic transfusion reaction

A

Host antibody against donor HLA and WBCs

Or

Induce by cytokines present in store blood

30
Q

Mechanism of acute haemolytic transfusion rxn

A

Host antibody against foreign antigen on donor RBCs

Or

ABO blood group incompatible

31
Q

Name the sensory receptors which adapts quickly

A

Meissner corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

32
Q

Name the sensory area receptors which are large myelinated fibers

A

Meissner corpuscles

Pacinian corpuscles

Merkel discs

33
Q

Name the sensory receptor which has Dendritic endings with Finger tips, joints capsule

A

Ruffini corpuscles

34
Q

Name the sensory receptors which adapts slowly

A

Merkel discs

Ruffini corpuscles

35
Q

Important point

A

Free nerve ending has un-myelinated fibers in “C” Slow

And myelinated in A delta “fast”

36
Q

Name the sensory receptors present in Glabrous (hairless) skin

A

Meissner corpuscles

37
Q

Name the sensory receptors present in “Deep skin layers, ligaments and joints”

A

Pacinian corpuscles

38
Q

Name the sensory receptor present in “Finger tips, superficial skin”

A

Merkel discs

39
Q

Name the sensory receptor present in “Finger tips and joints”

A

Ruffini corpuscles

40
Q

Name the sensory which get activated due to slippage of objects along surface of skin

A

Ruffini corpuscles

41
Q

Back pain associated with positional and relieve with rest

A

Degenerative (osteoarthritis)

42
Q

Back pain which radiated to legs and have sensory and motor findings

A

Radiculopathy (Disc Herniation)

43
Q

Back pain increases on standing and decrease on flexion of spine

A

Spinal stenosis

44
Q

Back pain which is constant and “worse at night” and without responsive to position changes

A

Spinal metastasis

45
Q

Triad of vasomotor rhinitis

A

Occur due to sudden changes in temperature or Humidity

Or with exposure to odors or alcohol

Headache, anosmia and sinusitis

46
Q

What is active error in medical error?

A

Occurs at level of frontline operator (eg, wrong JV pump dose programmed).

-Immediate impact.

47
Q

What is latent error in medical error?

Accident waiting to happen.

A

Occurs in processes indirect from operator but impacts patient care (eg, different types ofIV pumps used within same hospital).

-

48
Q

Name the medical root analysis

A

Root cause analysis

Failure mode and effect analysis

49
Q

Root cause analysis

A

Retrospective approach.
-Applied after failure event to prevent recurrence.

Uses records and participant interviews to identify all the underlying problems (eg, process, people, environment, equipment, materials, management) that led to an error.

50
Q

Failure mode and effects analysis

A

Forward-looking approach.

-Applied before process implementation to prevent failure occurrence.

Uses inductive reasoning to identify all the ways a process might fail and prioritizes them by their probability of occurrence and impact on patients.

51
Q

What is safety culture?

A

Organizational environment in which everyone can freely bring up safety concerns without fear of censure.
-Facilitates error identification

-Event reporting systems collect data on errors for internal and external monitoring.

52
Q

Human factors design

A

Forcing functions (those that prevent undesirable actions [eg, connecting feeding syringe to IV tubing]) are the most effective.

Standardisation ::improves process reliability (eg, clinical pathways, guidelines, checklists).

Simplification::reduces wasteful activities (eg, consolidating electronic medical records

53
Q

Name the medicine NS5A inhibitors

-NS5A plays role in RNA replication

A

Ledipasvir

Ombitasvir

54
Q

Name the medicine NS5B inhibitors

-Inhibits NS5B, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase acting as a chain terminator.

Prevents viral RNA replication.

A

Sofosbuvir

Dasabuvir

55
Q

Name the medicine NS3/4A inhibitors

-Inhibits NS3/4A, a viral prntease, preventing viral replication.

A

Grazoprevir

Simeprevir

56
Q

Name the drugs which Denature proteins and disrupt cell membranes and Not sporicidal

A

Alcohols

Chlorhexidine

Quaternary amines

57
Q

Important point very important point

A

**Chlorine::Oxidizes and denatures prnteins. Sporicidal.

**Ethylene oxide:: Alkylating agent. Sporicidal.

**Hydrogen peroxide::Free radical oxidation. Sporicidal.

**Iodine and iodophors:: Halogenation of DNA, RNA, and proteins. May be sporicidal

58
Q

Important medicine of scabies and louse

A

**Permethrin (inhibits Na+ channel deactivation -neuronal membrane depolarization},

**ma lath ion (acetylchol i nesterase inhibitor},

**lindane (blocks CABA channels -neurotoxicity}.

Used to treat scabies (Sarcoptes scabiei} and lice (Pediculus and Pthirus}.

59
Q

Important point

A

praziquantel (increase Ca2+ permeability, increases vacuolization},

60
Q

Medicine for High risk for endocarditis and undergoing surgical or dental procedures

A

Amoxicillin

FA flashCards (6 decks)

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