Reductions Flashcards
1
Q
Aldehyde –> primary alcohol
A
NaBH4
2
Q
Ketone –> secondary alcohol
A
NaBH4 (mild)
OR
LiAlH4 (powerful)
3
Q
Ester –> aldehyde
A
1 eq DIBAL-H
4
Q
Ester –> primary alcohol
A
LiAlH4 (powerful)
OR
2 eq DIBAL-H
5
Q
Acid –> primary alcohol
A
LiAlH4
OR
B2H6 or BH3.THF
6
Q
Nitrile –> aldehyde
A
1 eq DIBAL-H, H2O
7
Q
Nitrile –> amine
A
LiAlH4 (powerful)
8
Q
Amide –> amine
A
LiAlH4 (powerful)
OR
B2H6 or BH3.THF
9
Q
Nitro –> amine
A
Pd/C (cat.), H2 OR Fe or Zn, AcOH OR LiAlH4 (powerful)
10
Q
Ketone –> alkane
A
Wolff-Kishner reduction
(i) H2N-NH2, heat
(ii) KOH, DMSO, heat
Clemmensen reduction
Zn(Hg), HCl
11
Q
Alkene –> alkane
A
Pd/C (cat.), H2
12
Q
Alkyne –> (E)-alkene
A
Na/NH3
13
Q
Alkyne –> (Z)-alkene
A
Lindlar
Pd/CaCO3/PbO2 (cat.), H2
