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ICND-1 > 1 - Networking Basics > Flashcards

1 - Networking Basics Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of network can be used to connect and share data among devices that located within a very close proximity of each other?

A

PAN or Personal Area Network

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2
Q

What type of networks are typically used for communications within a single group or organization and typically within a single building or site where buildings are within close proximity of each other?

A

LAN or Local Area Network

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3
Q

What are two common tyes of LANs?

A
  1. Ethernet

2. Token Ring

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4
Q

What type of network can be used to connect multiple locations within the same city?

A

MAN or Metropolitan Area Network

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5
Q

What type of network covers a large geographical area?

A

WAN or Wide Area Network

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6
Q

What type of network is spread across multiple cities or even multiple countries

A

WAN or Wide Area Network

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7
Q

What is an example of the largest WAN?

A

The internet

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8
Q

How are computers typically connected through a WAN?

A
  1. Leased Lines
  2. Satellites
  3. Public Networks
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9
Q

What low-cost network is commonly used for telephone service?

A

PSTN or Public Switched Telephone Network

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10
Q

What type of network is PSTN?

A

circuit-switched network

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11
Q

What are dedicated circuits that are typically used as endpoint connections between sites?

A

leased lines

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12
Q

Why are leased lines more expensive for ISPs to implement than switched circuits?

A

Because they are dedicated circuits

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13
Q

What type of WAN technology is a cost-effective packet-switching technology?

A

Frame Relay

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14
Q

What layers of the OSI model does Frame Relay operate at?

A
  1. Physical Layer

2. Data Link Layer

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15
Q

What type of WAN technology uses statistical multiplexing and variable frame size to ensure network access and efficient delivery?

A

Frame Relay

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16
Q

How does Frame Relay allow multiple connections?

A

Virtual Circuits

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17
Q

What is the typical type of service provided for Frame Relay?

A

T1

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18
Q

What type of WAN technology is a high-speed packet-switching technology?

A

ATM or Asynchronous Transfer Mode

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19
Q

What two WAN technologies use packet-switching technology?

A
  1. Frame Relay

2. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

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20
Q

Which WAN technology offers low bandwidth and high latency relative to other WAN technologies?

A

DSL or Digital Subscriber Line

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21
Q

Is Cable internet packet-switched or cell switched?

A

Packet-switched

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22
Q

With Cable internet service, where is there an analog signal?

A

Between the CMTS or cable modem termination system and the cable modem

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23
Q

With cable internet service, where is there a digital signal?

A

Between the internet and the CMTS or cable modem termination system and between the cable modem and the LAN.

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24
Q

Which WAN technology is cell switched?

A

ATM or Asynchronous Transfer Mode

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25
Q

Which WAN technologies are packet-switched

A
  1. Frame Relay
  2. DSL or Digital Subscriber Line
  3. Cable
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26
Q

Which WAN technology is circuit switched?

A

PSTN or Public Switched Telephone Network

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27
Q

How does a circuit switched technology like PSTN work?

A

A circuit is created between two points before transmission can occur, and is torn down after transmission is complete

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28
Q

How does a cell switched technology like ATM work?

A

Cell switching is like packet switching, except the packet is set to a fixed length

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29
Q

What network topology has a single man line to which all computers on the network are attached?

A

Bus topology

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30
Q

What medium does BUS networks use?

A

Coax

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31
Q

What are some disadvantages of Bus topologies?

A
  1. limited cable length
  2. limited number of hosts
  3. Failure of the main cable affects every host on the network.
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32
Q

What network topology has a central ring of cable to which all hosts on the network connect?

A

Ring topology

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33
Q

How many hosts are each host connected to in a ring topology?

A

Each host connects to two hosts

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34
Q

How many directions does the flow of traffic go in a Ring topology?

A

Single direction

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35
Q

Does each node in a ring topology handle each packet and then pass it off to the next host?

A

True/Yes

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36
Q

How many directions does the flow of traffic go in a Dual-Ring topology?

A

Two directions

37
Q

How does the dual-ring topology provide redundancy?

A

It provides redundancy only against cable damage, if a node goes down then both rings will go down.

38
Q

What is the most common network topology that is typically used with Ethernet networks?

A

Star topology

39
Q

What is the benefit to an extended star topology?

A

The ability to cover greater distances from the central switch to the end nodes

40
Q

Which network topology has each host connected to every other host on the network?

A

Full-mesh topology

41
Q

How does partial-mesh topology differ from full-mesh topology?

A

Each host is not connected to each other in a partial-mesh topology, but it is connected to some of the hosts providing a failsafe path

42
Q

What is physical topology?

A

Refers to the hardware structure of the network and how the devices and cables are physically arranged.

43
Q

What is logical topology?

A

Refers to the path the data follows as it moves around the network, without regard to how the hardware is physically configured.

44
Q

What type of device is a multiport physical repeater that is used primarily to connect end-user workstations?

A

Hub

45
Q

Where does a hub send frames that it receives?

A

It sends the frames out all ports except for the port it was received on

46
Q

What is a collision domain?

A

Network segment where collisions can occur when frames are sent among the devices on that network segment.

47
Q

Does a hub make forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses?

A

No

48
Q

What is CSMA/CD?

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection. is used to mitigate collisions on a hub.

49
Q

What device can only operate at half duplex and why?

A

A hub can only operate at half duplex to use CSMA/CD for collision detection.

50
Q

What layer of the OSI model does a Hub operate at?

A

Physical layer

51
Q

Does a bridge use MAC addresses to forward frames?

A

Yes

52
Q

Can bridges be used to increase the number of broadcast domains?

A

No, it can be used to increase the number of collision domains

53
Q

Where are the collision domains on a switch?

A

Every switchport

54
Q

Where does a switch store its known MAC addresses?

A

in the CAM table or Content Addressable Memory

55
Q

What happens if the mac address is not in the CAM table?

A

The switch will broadcast it out all ports except the port it was received on

56
Q

What technology can be used to create separate broadcast domains on a switch?

A

VLANs or virtual local area networks

57
Q

What type of domains do routers separate?

A

broadcast domains

58
Q

What does a router base its path decisions on?

A

Logical addresses such as an IP address

59
Q

Where does the router store its IP address information?

A

In the routing table

60
Q

Where is the routing table stored?

A

In the TCAM or Ternaary Content Addressable Memory table

61
Q

Does the CAM and TCAM tables provide wire speed access?

A

Yes

62
Q

What is a difference between the CAM and TCAM tables?

A

CAM table can only provide exact matches, the TCAM table can provide nonexact matches

63
Q

What are two examples for having multiple TCAM tables?

A
  1. ACLs or Access Control Lists

2. QOS or Quality of Service policies

64
Q

What happens if a router receives a packet that is destined for a remote network that is not listed in the routing table, and neither a static default route or gateway of last resort has been configured?

A

The packet is dropped and an ICMP or Internet Control Message Protocol “Destination Unreachable” error message is sent to the interface from which the packet was received

65
Q

What are some examples of a Server network device?

A
  1. File server
  2. Domain server
  3. Print server
  4. DHCP server (Dynamic Host Configuration Server)
  5. Web server
  6. Proxy server
66
Q

What are some examples of a Host?

A
  1. End user computer
  2. Tablets
  3. Laptops
  4. Thin client
67
Q

What are two examples of physical media used in todays networks?

A
  1. Copper

2. Fiber

68
Q

What category rating is required to achieve 10BaseT?

A

Category 3

69
Q

What category rating is required to achieve 100BaseT

A

Category 5

70
Q

What category rating is required to achieve 1000BaseT

A

Category 5

71
Q

Why were coaxial cables replaced in todays modern networks?

A

Ethernet is low cost and high speed

72
Q

Does coax provide longer cable distances than UTP?

A

Yes

73
Q

What pins of an RJ-45 are used to transmit on 10BaseT and 100BaseT cabling schemes?

A

Pins 1 and 2

74
Q

What pins of an RJ-45 are used to recieve on 10BaseT and 100BaseT cabling schemes?

A

Pins 3 and 6

75
Q

Does Gigabit ethernet or 1000BaseT use all four pairs to transmit and receive data on?

A

Yes

76
Q

What TIA or Telecommunications Industry Association standard is compatible with ISDN or Integrated Services Digital Network cabling standards?

A

T568A

77
Q

Who created the T568B standard?

A

AT&T

78
Q

What standard uses green white and green for pairs 1 and 2 respectively?

A

T568A

79
Q

What standard uses orange white and orange for pairs 1 and 2 respectively?

A

T568B

80
Q

How is a crossover cable made?

A

By using both the T568A and T568B standards, one termination standard on each end of the cable

81
Q

What is a straight through cable?

A

A straight through cable uses the same standard on each end of the cable

82
Q

When do you use a crossover cable?

A

When you connect similar devices together, ie switch to switch or host pc to host pc

83
Q

When do you use a straight through cable?

A

When you connect dissimilar devices together, ie router to switch or switch to host pc

84
Q

How do you make a gigabit ethernet crossover cable?

A

You inverse the white orange and orange wires with the white green and green wires. Also, you will inverse the white blue and blue wires with the white brown brown wires

85
Q

What type of physical media is commonly found in the backbone?

A

Fiber-optics

86
Q

What are some advantages of Fiber-Optics cable?

A
  1. Greater distances over UTP
  2. Greater bandwidth
  3. Not susceptible to RFI or EMI interferences
87
Q

What is an RF signal?

A

Electrical signal that is sent over the air

88
Q

What type of LAN uses RF signals to transmit data between devices?

A

Wireless LAN

ICND-1 (12 decks)

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