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ICND-1 > 3 - Network Addressing > Flashcards

3 - Network Addressing Flashcards

1
Q

What does IEEE stand for?

A

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

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2
Q

Who assigns the manufacturing code of a mac address?

A

IEEE or institute of electrical and electronics engineers

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3
Q

What does BIA stand for?

A

Burned in Address

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4
Q

Ethernet is a _________________ network technology commonly used in local area networks.

A

broadcast

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5
Q

A NIC will ignore frames that are not intended for?

A
  1. its own address
  2. the network broadcast address
  3. relevant group address ie multicast group
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6
Q

What is the 802.3 IEEE standard based off of?

A

CSMA/CD or Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection

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7
Q

what type of ethernet networks do not use any method to control media access?

A

Full-Duplex Ethernet

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8
Q

How many fields does an ethernet frame consist of?

A

Seven

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9
Q

How many fields of an ethernet frame are considered the header?

A

the first five

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10
Q

What are the seven fields of an ethernet frame?

A
  1. preamble field
  2. SOF or start of frame field/ SFD start frame delimeter
  3. destination address field
  4. source address field
  5. type field
  6. data field
  7. FCS or frame check sequence field
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11
Q

What is the preamble field of an ethernet frame used for?

A

notify receiving hosts that a frame is being sent

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12
Q

What is the SOF field of an ethernet frame used for?

A

synchronization with other hosts on the lan

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13
Q

what is the destination address field of an ethernet frame used for?

A

to house the mac address of the intended host

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14
Q

what is the source address field of an ethernet frame used for?

A

to house the mac address of the sending host

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15
Q

What is the major difference between an Ethernet II frame and an older 802.3 frame?

A

Ethernet II frames use the type field to identify the Network layer protocol. 802.3 frames use a length field because it cannot identify the protocol

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16
Q

How big can the data field of an ethernet frame be?

A

46 to 1500 bytes

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17
Q

How big is the preamble field of an ethernet frame?

A

7 bytes

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18
Q

How big is the SFD or start frame delimiter field of an ethernet frame?

A

1 byte

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19
Q

How big is the destination address field of an ethernet frame?

A

6 bytes

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20
Q

How big is the source address field of an ethernet frame?

A

6 bytes

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21
Q

How big is the type/length field of an ethernet frame?

A

2 bytes

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22
Q

How big is the FCS or Frame Check Sequence field of an ethernet frame?

A

4 bytes

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23
Q

How many 8-bit octets make up a MAC address?

A

six

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24
Q

How many bytes are in a MAC address?

A

six

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25
Q

What is an OUI?

A

Organizationally Unique Identifier, the first three octets of a MAC address

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26
Q

What are the last three octets of a MAC address?

A

NIC-specific identifier

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27
Q

What does an I/G bit represent in a MAC address?

A

Individual(bit is a 0) or Group (bit is a 1). It is the second least significant bit in the most significant byte. Least significant is on the right and most significant is on the left.

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28
Q

What does an G/L or U/L bit represent in a Mac address?

A

Global or Universal (bit is a 0) or Local (bit is a 1). It is the least significant bit in the most significant byte. Least significant is on the right and most significant is on the left.

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29
Q

Where is the most significant octet of a MAC address?

A

The left most octet or octet 0

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30
Q

Where is the most significant bit in an octet of a MAC address?

A

The left most bit in the octet

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31
Q

Who assigns public ip addresses?

A

IANA or Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

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32
Q

What is an example of a routed protocol?

A

IP

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33
Q

What is included in an IPv4 header?

A
  1. Version field
  2. IHL or IP Header length field
  3. TOS or Type of Service field
  4. Total Length field
  5. Identification field
  6. Flags field
  7. Fragment Offset field
  8. TTL or Time to Live field
  9. Protocol field
  10. Header Checksum field
  11. Source Address field
  12. Destination Address field
  13. Options field
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34
Q

What is the size of an IPv4 header without options?

A

20 bytes or 160 bits

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35
Q

How big is the Version field of an IPv4 header?

A

4 bits

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36
Q

How big is the IHL or IP Header Length field of an IPv4 header?

A

4 bits

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37
Q

How big is the TOS or Type of Service field of an IPv4 header?

A

8 bits or 1 byte

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38
Q

How big is the Total Length field of an IPv4 header?

A

16 bits or 2 bytes

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39
Q

How big is the Identification field of an IPv4 header?

A

16 bits or 2 bytes

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40
Q

How big is the Flags field of an IPv4 header?

A

3 bits

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41
Q

How big is the Fragment Offset field of an IPv4 header?

A

13 bits

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42
Q

How big is the TTL or Time to Live field of an IPv4 header?

A

8 bits or 1 byte

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43
Q

How big is the Protocol field of an IPv4 header?

A

8 bits or 1 byte

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44
Q

How big is the Header Checksum field of an IPv4 header?

A

16 bits or 2 bytes

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45
Q

How big is the Source Address field of an IPv4 header?

A

32 bits or 4 bytes

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46
Q

How big is the Destination Address field of an IPv4 header?

A

32 bits or 4 bytes

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47
Q

How big is the Options field of an IPv4 header?

A

variable length

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48
Q

What is the loopback address for IPv4?

A

127.0.0.1

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49
Q

What are the private IP addresses for IPv4?

A
  1. 0.0.0/8
  2. 16.0.0/12
  3. 168.0.0/16
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50
Q

What is used to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses?

A

NAT or Network Address Translation

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51
Q

What does APIPA stand for?

A

Automatic Private IP Address

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52
Q

What is the range for APIPA?

A

169.254.0.0/16

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53
Q

What RFC or Request for Comments specifies APIPA?

A

RFC 3927

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54
Q

What are multicast addresses?

A

Used to send a single stream of data to multiple devices simultaneously, conserving bandwidth

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55
Q

What is the All Hosts multicast address?

A

224.0.0.1

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56
Q

What is the multicast range?

A

224.0.0.0/4

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57
Q

What is the global broadcast address of IPv4?

A

255.255.255.255

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58
Q

What is the global broadcast address in IPv4 used for?

A

Used to send data to every computer on a subnet

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59
Q

Binary system is based off of what?

A

Base-2 system

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60
Q

What is a base-2 system?

A

only capable of using two numbers, either a 0 or a 1

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61
Q

How many bits are in an octet?

A

8 bits

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62
Q

What is dotted decimal?

A

Way of expressing a binary number as a group of decimal numbers.

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63
Q

What are classful networks?

A 
Classful networks are divided into classes:
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
64
Q

What classes of a classful network are for commercial use?

A

Class A, B, and C

65
Q

What are Class D addresses reserved for?

A

Multicast traffic

66
Q

What are Class E addresses reserved for?

A

Experimental purposes only

67
Q

What is the octet range for Class A networks?

A

First Octet Ranges from 1 - 127

68
Q

What is the octet range for Class B networks?

A

First Octet Ranges from 128 - 191

69
Q

What is the octet range for Class C networks?

A

First Octet Ranges from 192 - 223

70
Q

What is the octet range for Class D networks?

A

First Octet Ranges from 224 - 239

71
Q

What is the octet range for Class E networks?

A

First Octet Ranges from 240 - 255

72
Q

What request for comments defines ips used for commercial use of private ips?

A

RFC 1918

73
Q

What is the range for private Class A networks?

A

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

74
Q

What is the range for private Class B networks?

A

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

75
Q

What is the range for private Class C networks?

A

192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

76
Q

Define a classful network.

A

the host and network portions of a an IP address are divided at the octet boundaries.

77
Q

Define a classless network.

A

the host and network portions of a an IP address are not divided at the octet boundaries.

78
Q

What does VLSM stand for?

A

Variable length subnet masks

79
Q

What does CIDR stand for?

A

Classless inter-domain routing

80
Q

What is the goal of utilizing VLSM?

A

more efficient use of IP addresses

81
Q

Classful networks will always be either ______________ in CIDR notation?

A

/8
/16
/24

82
Q

What bits can be used in a classless CIDR notation?

A

1-31. A /32 indicates a host

83
Q

What is subnetting?

A

A technique used to divide a network into smaller subnetworks.

84
Q

What is another name for route summarization?

A

Supernetting

85
Q

What is route summarization?

A

combines several smaller subnets into one larger subnet

86
Q

How many bits are in an IPv6 address?

A

128 bits

87
Q

How is automatic configuration handled in IPv6?

A

DHCv6 (stateful)

EUI-64 (stateless)

88
Q

Is IPSec supported in IPv6?

A

Yes, natively

89
Q

What are some advantages of IPv6?

A
  1. 128 bit address space, more ips available
  2. Does not require NAT or PAT
  3. Natively implements IPSEC
  4. Relies on Transport layer protocols instead of header checksums for data integrity
  5. More efficient route aggregation by using multiple subprefixes
90
Q

How many times can the :: or double colon be used in an IPv6 address?

A

once

91
Q

Does IPv6 support broadcast?

A

no

92
Q

What are the distinct segments of an IPv6 address?

A
  1. prefix (network portion of the address)

2. interface ID (host portion of the address)

93
Q

What are the three address types of IPv4?

A
  1. unicast
  2. multicast
  3. broadcast
94
Q

What are the three address types of IPv6?

A
  1. unicast
  2. multicast
  3. anycast
95
Q

What address/addresses types in IPv6 are used to replace broadcast types in IPv4?

A
  1. multicast

2. anycast

96
Q

What is the multicast address for all hosts in IPv4 and IPv6?

A

224.0.0.1

FF02::1

97
Q

What is the multicast address for all routers in IPv4 and IPv6?

A

224.0.0.2

FF02::2

98
Q

What is the multicast address for all OSPF routers in IPv4 and IPv6?

A

224.0.0.5

FF02::5

99
Q

What is the multicast address for all OSPF DRs in IPv4 and IPv6?

A

224.0.0.6

FF02::6

100
Q

What is the multicast address for all RIP Routers (except RIPv1) in IPv4 and IPv6?

A

224.0.0.9

FF02::9

101
Q

What is the multicast address for all EIGRP Routers in IPv4 and IPv6?

A

224.0.0.10

FF02::A

102
Q

What are anycast addresses typically used for?

A

load balancing

103
Q

What are the three types of IPv6 unicast addresses?

A
  1. Global unicast
  2. Unique local unicast
  3. Link-local unicast
104
Q

What is the loopback address for IPv6?

A

::1

105
Q

What do multicast addresses start with in IPv6?

A

FF

106
Q

What do Link-local unicast addresses start with in IPv6?

A

FE8 typically
FE9
FEA
FEB

107
Q

What do Unique local unicast addresses start with in IPv6?

A

FC

FD

108
Q

What do Global unicast addresses start with in IPv6?

A

2 or 3

109
Q

Who assigns Global unicast addresses in IPv6?

A

ICANN or Internet Corporation for Assigned Names

110
Q

Since Unique local addresses in IPv6 are randomly generated prefixes, what can they not do?

A

cannot be summarized

111
Q

Since Link local addresses in IPv6 are used for communication over a single link, what can they not do?

A

cannot be routed

112
Q

What are Link local addresses in IPv6 typically used for?

A

neighbor discovery

113
Q

What address space do anycast addresses share with?

A

Global unicast addresses

114
Q

What is the unspecified address in IPv6?

A

::

115
Q

How many bits are in the registry prefix of a global unicast address?

A

23 bits

116
Q

How many bits are in the ISP prefix of a global unicast address?

A

9 bits

117
Q

How many bits are in the site prefix of a global unicast address?

A

16 bits

118
Q

How many bits are in the subnet prefix of a global unicast address?

A

16 bits

119
Q

How many bits are in an interface ID of a global unicast address?

A

64 bits

120
Q

What is the hierarchical structure of an IPv6 global unicast address?

A
  1. registry prefix
  2. ISP prefix
  3. Site prefix
  4. Subnet prefix
  5. interface ID
121
Q

How is an EUI-64 IPv6 address created?

A

Taking the OUI of the mac address first, followed by FFFE, followed by the NIC specific identifier

122
Q

How do you make an EUI-64 address globally unique?

A

Convert the seventh bit of the ID to a 1

123
Q

How do you make an EUI-64 address locally unique?

A

Convert eh seventh bit of the ID to a 0

124
Q

What is dual stack?

A

enables a host or router to communicate over ipv4 and ipv6.

125
Q

What is NAT-PT?

A

is used to enable communicataions between ipv6 only hosts and ipv4 only hosts by translating ipv4 to ipv6 and vice versa

126
Q

Does NAT-PT create an address mapping table?

A

Yes

127
Q

Name the different tunneling methods used in ipv4 to ipv6 or ipv6 to ipv4?

A

6to4
4to6
ISATAP intrasite automatic tunnel addressing protocol
terdo

128
Q

How does 6to4 tunneling work?

A

Ipv6 traffic is encapsulated in an ipv4 header

129
Q

How does 4to6 tunneling work?

A

ipv4 traffic is encapsulated in an ipv6 header

130
Q

How does dhcpv6 work?

A
  1. client sends a router solicitation message using NDP or neighbor discovery protocol to discover neighbor routers
  2. Routers with reply with a router advertisements that let a client know whether DHCPv6 servers are available
  3. Client sends multicast packets to FF02::1:2 (all dhcp agents address)
131
Q

What is not provided in a stateless address configuration?

A

domain name

dns servers

132
Q

What is the range of well known ports?

A

0 - 1023

133
Q

What is a socket address?

A

ip address appended with a port number

134
Q

what does udp stand for?

A

User datagram protocol

135
Q

What is udp used for?

A

unreliable, connectionless datagram transfer. does not establish a communications session before sending data, no error correction or flow control

136
Q

What are some examples of protocols that use UDP?

A

dhcp
snmp
tftp
ntp

137
Q

What fields are contained in a UDP header?

A
  1. source port
  2. destination port
  3. length
  4. Checksum
138
Q

What are some examples of protocols that use TCP?

A

ftp
http
smtp
pop3

139
Q

how many bits are in a udp source port field?

A

16 bits

140
Q

how many bits are in a udp destination port field?

A

16 bits

141
Q

How many bits are in a udp length field?

A

16 bits

142
Q

How many bits are in a udp checksum field?

A

16 bits

143
Q

What is tcp used for?

A

reliable connection oriented transfer of data. considered reliable because it offers error detection and correction, flow control, sequencing, and acknowledgements

144
Q

What fields are contained in a TCP header?

A
  1. source port
  2. destination port
  3. sequence number
  4. acknowledgement number
  5. data offset
  6. reserved
  7. flags
  8. window
  9. checksum
  10. urgent pointer
  11. Options
145
Q

how many bits are in a tcp source port field?

A

16 bits

146
Q

how many bits are in a tcp destination port field?

A

16 bits

147
Q

how many bits are in a tcp sequence number field?

A

32 bits

148
Q

how many bits are in a tcp acknowledgement field?

A

32 bits

149
Q

how many bits are in a tcp data offset field?

A

4 bits

150
Q

how many bits are in a tcp reserver field?

A

6 bits

151
Q

how many bits are in a tcp flags field?

A

6 bits

152
Q

how many bits are in a tcp window field?

A

16 bits

153
Q

how many bits are in a tcp checksum field?

A

16 bits

154
Q

how many bits are in a tcp urgent pointer field?

A

16 bits

155
Q

how many bits are in a tcp options field?

A

variable length plus padding

ICND-1 (12 decks)

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