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Locomotor > Ankle and foot > Flashcards

Ankle and foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ankle joint?

A

Tibia plus talus plus fibular

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2
Q

What is the subtaler joint?

A

talus and calcaneous

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3
Q

What is the tibiofibular joint?

A

Tibia and Fibular

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4
Q

what is the Medial malleolus

A

Tibia

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5
Q

What is the lateral malleolus

A

Fibular

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6
Q

Which malleolus is lower?

A

Lateral 1cm lower than medial

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7
Q

What are the movements of the ankle joint?

A

Dorsiflextion and planter flextion

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8
Q

In which position is the foot more stable? Why?

A

Dorsiflextion Talus is wider anteriorly

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9
Q

Where is the medial (deltoid) ligament located? What does it attach to?

A

Medial side Attaches Medial malleolus to tibia to calcaneous to navicular

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10
Q

Describe the main features of the medial ligament

A

•4 adjacent and continuous parts (ligmanets)

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11
Q

Functions of the medial ligament?

A

•Very strong, stabilise ankle joint during eversion and prevent subluxation

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12
Q

Location of the lateral ligament? How many parts does it have? Name the parts

A

Lateral ankle

3 parts

  • Anterior talofibular
  • Posterior talofibular
  • Calcaneofibular
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13
Q

Where is a sprained ankle most likely to occure and why?

What action does it involve?

How many athletic injuries does it account for?

Which ligaments are most affected?

A

Lateral ankle- has weaker ligaments

  • Inversion injury
  • 15% of all athletic injuries
  • Anterior talofibular
  • Calcaneofibular
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14
Q

Which muscles are responsible for dorsiflextion and toe extension? Which nerve innervates this muscle?

A
  • Muscles in anterior compartment of the leg
  • Innervated by deep branch of common peroneal nerve
  • Tibialis anterior, Extensor digitorum longus and Extensor hallucis longus
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15
Q

Which muscles are responsible for eversion? Which nerve innervates it?

A
  • Lateral compartment
  • Fibularis longus, brevis and tertius
  • Innervated by superficial branch of common peroneal
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16
Q

Which muscles are responsible for planterfelxtion and toe flextion? Which nerve innervates these muscles?

A

•Superficial and deep flexors

Posterior compartmnt of the leg

•Superficial 3 muscles attach via calcaneal tendon - gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris

Toe flexors

•Deep muscles attach to bones of foot - tibialis posterior, F. digitorum longus and F. hallucis longus

Tibial nerve

17
Q

What happens when you rupture your calcaneal tendon?

A

You loose definition in the back of your foot

18
Q

What is a retinacula? What is its function?

A

Thick deep fascia

•Hold tendons in place as they enter foot

19
Q

How many retinaculas are there in the ankle? Name them and there location.

A

3 retinacula

2 extensor retinacula (inferior and superior)- anterior part of the foor

1 flexor retinacula- medial malleolus

20
Q

What goes underneath your extensor retinacular?

A

•Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve and anterior tibial artery pass under the extensor retinacula

21
Q

What goes underneath your flexor retinacular?

A

•Tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery pass under flexor retinaculum

22
Q

What articulates with what during inversion and eversion? What is the purpose of these foot movments?

A

•Talus articulates with calcaneus and navicular

Purpose- •Helps foot to adjust to different surfaces

23
Q

Flex your toes

Extend your toes

Abduct your toes

Adduct your toes

Use image to make sure you did it right

A
24
Q

Name the ligaments on your foot. where are they located? What do they do?

A

These ligaments give stability

Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular)- located on the medial part of the foot

Long and short planter ligaments- located on the lateral part of the foot

This ligament helps mainatin the arches of the foor

25
Q

What is the Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) contineous with?

A

The medial (deltoid) ligament

26
Q

What is the function of the Long and short plantar ligaments

A

•Help maintain arches of the foot

27
Q

Purpose of the intrisnic muscles of the foot? How many layers are there?

A
  • For precise movements
  • Constantly contracting and relaxing responding to dynamic changes to stand, balance and propel forward
  • 4 layers
28
Q

How many arches of the foot are there? Name them

A

3 arches

Medial longitudinal

Lateral longitudinal

•Transverse arch

29
Q

Name an important feature of the medial longitudinal arch. Which bones help to form it?

A

medial side of foot missing from footprint

Calcaneum, talus, navicular cuneiform and cuboid layer

30
Q

Why is the lateral longitudinal arch flatter?

A

fewer bones and talus transmits body weight

through it.

31
Q

Name the main points of weight distribution on the foot?

A

Sesamoid bones of the 1st metatarsal and the head iof second metatarsal

Heads of third to 5th metatarsal

Tuberosity of calcaneus

32
Q
A

Locomotor (12 decks)

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