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Locomotor > The vertebrae > Flashcards

The vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the vertebra run?

A

Skull to coccyx

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2
Q

How much of the vertebral column is vertebral disks?

A

1/4

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3
Q

How long is the vertebral column in adults?

A

72-75

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4
Q

How many vertebra? Name all the regions and the amount in each

A

33-31 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral (fused) 4 coccygeal (fused) 1 or 2

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5
Q

What are the movements of 2 adjacent vertebrae

A

Extension (bending forwards) Flextion (bending backwards)

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6
Q

Movements possible in the whole vertebrae?

A

Extension Flextion lateral flextion rotation

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7
Q

How many curves are in the vertebral disks? Name them

A

cervical thoracic lumbar sacral

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8
Q

Which curves primary? What is the special name for these curves? What is the shape of these curves

A

Thoracic and sacral Special name -kyphoses Shape-concave

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9
Q

Which curves secondary? What is the special name for these curves? What is the shape of these curves

A

Cervical and lumbar Special name- lordoses Shape-convex

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10
Q

When are do primary and secondary curves develop?

A

Primary- during fetal development Secondary- infancy when child holds up head and walks

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11
Q

Which curves, secondary or primary allow the most movement?

A

Secondary curves Very little movement in preimry curves

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the curves?

A

They give extra dynamic flexibility and shock absorbance resilience

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the anterior part of the vertebral body?

A

Supports body weight gives strength to vertebral column

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14
Q

Features of a typical vertebra

A

2 pedicles Vertebral laminae vertebral arch Vertebral foramen (hole for spinal cord) Seven processes

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15
Q

How many processes are on a vertebrae? Name them and state there function

A

Seven processes

  • 1 spinous process
  • 2 transverse processes
  • 4 articular processes
  • processes - sites of attachment for deep back muscles,
  • articular processes restrict movement
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16
Q

What is the exact function of the

spinous and transvers processes

The pedicles

The laminae

and the verterbral body

A

spinous and transvers processes- sites of muscle attachment

The pedicles- protect the spinal cord

The laminae- restricts movment

and the verterbral body- supports body weight

17
Q

Location of the cervical vertebra? Special features?

A

Location- Neck

Special features- smallest of all vertebrae

foramen in transverse processes for vertebral arteries

bifid spinous process (in 2 parts)

18
Q

Name the 2 types of cervial vertebra. What is the difference between the 2

A

Atlas C1 - ring shaped- has no vertebral body

and axis C2- strongest, contaisn Dens (dentoid process) which C1 rotates around

19
Q

What does C1 rotate around?

A

Dens (dentoid process) on C2

20
Q

Characteristic features of the thoracic vertebrae

A
  • Characteristic features - costal facets – articulation with ribs
  • 1 or more facets on each side of vertebral body articulates with head of a rib
  • 1 facet on each transverse process of superior 10 thoracic vertebrae for tubercle of a rib

Heart shaped

The sides, superiorly and inferior articulate with the ribs

21
Q

Name of joints between each vertebrae?

A

Zygapophysial joint

22
Q

Look at this exray, make sure you are familiar

A

Look at this exray, make sure you are familiar

23
Q

Characteristic features of lumber vertebrae

A

large bodies and sturdy laminae

  • L5 largest of all moveable vertebrae
  • carries weight of upper body
24
Q

Characteristics of Sacrum and Coccyx

A

Sacrum - large triangular wedge of bone - 5 fused vertebrae

Coccyx (tailbone) - a small triangular bone - 4 fused vertebrae

25
Q

Describe kyphosis abnormality. What causes it?

A

Hump back- lean forward

increased thoracic curvature

Can cause- •Erosion/fracture of anterior part of one or more vertebrae

26
Q

Describe lordosis abnormality. What causes it?

A

hollow-back

  • Anterior tilt of pelvis produces increased lumbar curvature.
  • Associated with weakened trunk muscles.
  • Can develop in late pregnancy or with obesity.
27
Q

Describe Scoliosis and its causes

A
  • Scoliosis (crooked, or curved back) abnormal lateral curvature
  • Usually accompanied with rotation of the vertebrae
  • Most common deformity of vertebral column in pubertal girls
  • Result of developmental defects, asymmetric muscle strength, poor posture, or idiopathic
28
Q

Describe flat back syndrome

A
  • Flat back syndrome
  • Hamstrings tight
  • Hip flexors weak
  • Pelvis tilts backwards pulls vertebral column flat
29
Q

What is the function of the pedicles and laminae?

A

Protect the spinal cord

30
Q

What is the largest of all the moveable vertebare

A

L5

Locomotor (12 decks)

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