Charles And Italy Flashcards
When did Charles try and make peace with France?
At the Treaty of Noyon, 1516
What was agreed at the Treaty of Noyon?
Charles would return Navarre to France but during the Comuneros revolt, Francis took advantage and entered Navarre. After the revolt was over, Charles retook Navarre and amicable negotiations were over
What happened in 1521?
Gattinara became Charles’ chief advisor. A change in policy occurred as he supported the idea of removing French influence from Italy - Charles pursued this
What happened in 1525?
The Battle of Pavia. A decisive victory for Charles. His generals including Pescara routed the French and Francis himself was captured. Although Spanish soldiers were a minority in the imperial army, they bared the brunt of the fighting. Aruqebuses used against the French cavalry
What happened in 1526?
Treaty of Madrid. Francis renounced his claims to Italy and Flanders, and was also told to hand over Burgundy in exchange for his freedom. Following his release in 1526, Francis realised that the treaty was unenforceable and established the League of Cognac
What league was formed in 1526?
The League of Cognac. This consisted of the pope, France, England, Venice and Florence. The aim was to free Italy from Charles and Habsburg domination. Italian city states refused to commit to any permanent alliances due to the unstable Habsburg-Valois conflict
What happened in 1527?
The Sack of Rome. Charles’ army under the Duke of Bourbon marched on Rome from Milan to lend support to an ally of Charles. Bourbon was killed and the unpaid army was out of control and sacked Rome. Charles blamed the Pope and Francis for instigating events which led to the Sack of Rome
What happened in 1528?
The siege of Naples. Francis and his forces entered Naples and laid siege to it. At the same time, the Genoese fleet commanded by Andrea Doria blockaded the city from the sea. Francis’ treatment of Andrea Doria led to them switching sides. Communication became easier for Charles and he now had access to loans from Genoese bankers.
The French were now weak. No longer had the support of Doria and the plague hit their army. They broke off their siege and retreated North.
What happened in 1529?
The Battle of Landriano. French defeated decisively. Both sides had exhausted their resources and were prepared to make peace. The peace of Cambrai was signed and Charles only gave up claims to the Duchy of Burgundy whilst the French gave up claims to Artois, Flanders, Naples and Milan. Treaty cemented by marriage between Francis I and Charles’ sister Eleanor. Large sum paid for the release of Francis’ two sons
What happened in 1536?
Duchy of Milan. Milan linked HRE to Netherlands and Spain. The French triggered another set of wars in 1536 when they tried to conquer Milan. By 1538 they had failed and stalemate was reached. Charles conferred the Duchy of Milan on his son in 1540 and the land came to be associated with the Spanish Crown
