Enzymes

Question 1

When do enzymes work the best?

Answer 1

At optimum pH and optimum temperature

Question 2

How can enzyme activity be changed?

Answer 2

By altering pH and temperature

Question 3

What happens when the temperature is above the optimum temp?

Answer 3

It denatures the enzyme

Question 4

What happens if the temperature is below the optimum temp

Answer 4

The enzyme can be inactive

Question 5

What happens if the pH is above the optimum

Answer 5

It will denature the enzyme and if below it can be inactive

Question 6

Enzymes are biological catalysts. What does this mean?

Answer 6

They can speed up chemical reactions and break down or build up molecules. Enzymes do not take part in the reactions they catalyse

Question 7

What is a substrate

Answer 7

A chemical that enzymes act upon

Question 8

Each Enzyme acts on a specific substrate. What does this mean

Answer 8

They are specialised for certain substrates. E.g amylase always acts on starch and it could never act on a protein or fat molecules

Question 9

Explain how enzymes fit into substrates

Answer 9

They fit into the active site of the substrate. E.g lock and key

Question 10

What are the types of digestive enzymes

Answer 10

Charbohydrases
Proteases
Lipases

Question 11

Starch reaction:

Answer 11

Starch digested by amylase –> maltose

Amylase- salivary or pancreatic

Question 12

Reaction for maltose

Answer 12

Maltose digested by maltase –> glucose

Question 13

Reaction for protein

Answer 13

Protein digested by proteases –> amino acids

Proteases e.g pepsin

Question 14

Reaction for lipids

Answer 14

Lipids digested by Lipases –> fatty acids & glycerol

Question 15

Reaction for hydrogen peroxide

Answer 15

H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) digested by catalase –> water + oxygen

Question 16

What is the order of consumption?

Answer 16

Ingestion -> digestion -> absorption -> assimilation -> egestion

Question 17

What is ingestion

Answer 17

The process by which food material is taken into the body, the material is taken into the mouth and chewed up into smaller pieces by teeth

Question 18

What is digestion

Answer 18

Can be either mechanical (teeth) or chemical (enzymes). It is the process by which larger complex molecules are broken down into smaller more simple molecules

Question 19

What is absorption

Answer 19

The process by which the smaller molecules produced by digestion are passed into the blood supply of the ileum. The molecules pass across to the blood by diffusion and defines by active transport

Question 20

What is assimilation?

Answer 20

The process by which the small molecules absorbed into the blood are passed into body cells and are then used to make the chemicals needed by the body. For example the amino acids from a plant protein can be arranged to make muscle protein in your body

Question 21

What is egestion

Answer 21

The process by which undigested material (fibre) and dead cells and bacteria are removed from the body. E.g faeces POOO

Question 22

What are enzymes made of?

Answer 22

Proteins