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CM - Control > L8 - Ascending pathways 1 > Flashcards

L8 - Ascending pathways 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are Somaesthetic pathways?

A

pathways for perception of senses

soma = body 
esthetic = perception
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2
Q

what sensory information does the spinothalamic pathway carry?

A

Pain, temperature, crude touch, pressure

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3
Q

what sensory information does the dorsal column pathway carry?

A

Fine touch, vibration, pressure and proprioception

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4
Q

where will you find the primary somatosensory cortex?

A

post central gyrus

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5
Q

what information is received in the post central gyrus

A

pain
temperature
touch

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6
Q

how many spinal nerves do we have?

A

31 pairs

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7
Q

how many cranial nerves do we have?

A

12 pairs

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8
Q

what is a dermatome?

A

A specific region of skin innervated by a single

spinal nerve

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9
Q

Somaesthetic modalities are carried in 2 different groups, describe them

A

1) Modalities that are essential to survival
• Pain, temperature
• Some touch and pressure
- Carried via thin, poorly myelinated or unmyelinated fibres
- Conduction relatively slow

2) Modalities that increase detail
• Discriminative touch: 2-point discrimination and pressure
• Vibration
• Proprioception
- Carried via large diameter, heavily myelinated fibres
- Fast conduction

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10
Q

are modalities pain and temperature carried by myelinated or unmyelinated fibres?

A

thin, poorly myelinated or unmyelinated fibres

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11
Q

is the conduction of modalities pain and temperature fast or slow?

A

slow

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12
Q

is the conduction of modalities vibration and proprioception fast or slow?

A

fast

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13
Q

are modalities vibration and proprioception carried by myelinated or unmyelinated fibres?

A

Carried via large diameter, heavily myelinated fibres

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14
Q

is grey matter in the spinal cord presented as horns or columns?

A

horns

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15
Q

is white matter in the spinal cord presented as horns or columns?

A

columns

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16
Q

does the dorsal column carry ipsilateral or bilateral sensory information?

A

ipsilateral

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17
Q

does the lateral corticospinal tract carry ipsilateral or bilateral information?

A

ipsilateral

voluntary movement

18
Q

does the ventral corticospinal tract carry ipsilateral or bilateral information?

A

bilateral

voluntary movement

19
Q

does the spinothalamic tract carry ipsilateral or bilateral information?

A

bilateral

20
Q

describe the 3 neuron chain of a general sensory pathway

A

1o neuron:
from sensory receptor to spinal cord

2o neuron:
axon crosses midline of spinal common and ascends to ventral posterior thalamus

3o neuron:
axon projects to post-central gyrus

21
Q

what type of nerve is the 1o neuron of a sensory pathway?

A

pseudo unipolar

  • cell body in sensory ganglion (dorsal root ganglion or cranial nerve ganglion)
22
Q

in a general sensory pathway which order neuron always crosses the midline of the spinal cord?

A

2o neuron

23
Q

what is meant by a diverging circuit?

A

one neurone effects many

24
Q

what is meant by a converging circuit?

A

many neurones effect one neurone

25
Q

what happens at a synapse?

A
  • information processing
  • synaptic transmission isn’t a simple relay
  • information can be modified by other input e.g. convergence/divergence
26
Q

which order neuron transmits information from PNS to CNS?

A

1o neuron

27
Q

which order neuron has a cell body in peripheral ganglia?

A

1o neuron

28
Q

which order neuron is pseudounipolar?

A

1o neuron

29
Q

which order neuron’s cell body reside in the CNS ipsilateral grey matter?

A

2o neuron

Axons cross midline. Ascend to
Ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus of thalamus

30
Q

which order neuron’s axons cross midline and ascend to

Ventroposterolateral (VPL) nucleus of thalamus?

A

2o neuron

31
Q

which order neuron’s cell body reside in the thalamus?

A

3o neuron

32
Q

which order neuron’s axons project to somato-sensory cortex?

A

3o neuron

33
Q

describe the somatosensory pathway pain and temperature would take?

A

1o neuron:
PNS - enters spinal column at lissauer’s tract (lamina II - substantiated gelatinosa) and synapses with 2o

2o neuron:
crosses midline in ventral white commissure - ascends in spinothalamic tract to thalamus (VPL) synapses with 3o

3o nuron:
carries info to synapse in the primary somatosensory cortex

34
Q

describe the somatosensory pathway crude touch would take?

A

1o neuron:
PNS - enters spinal column at lissauer’s tract
- ascends at lamina II - (substantiated gelatinosa) and then synapses with 2o

2o neuron:
crosses midline in ventral white commissure - ascends in spinothalamic tract to thalamus (VPL) synapses with 3o

3o nuron:
carries info to synapse in the primary somatosensory cortex

35
Q

what is the difference in pathway between crude touch and pain?

A

pain:
synapses immediately then ascends to thalamus

crude touch:
ascends to vertebrae above to synsapse, and then ascends to thalamus

36
Q

at what level do 2o neurones cross the midline in the spinothalamic pathway?

A

cross the mid-line at the level of the spinal cord

37
Q

describe the somatosensory pathway proprioception would take?

A

1o neuron:
enters at the dorsal horn, into the ipsilateral cuneate fascicle, and ascends up to the closed medulla to synapse with 2o

NB: if it’s above T6 it will ascend in cuneate, if its below it will ascend in gracile

2o neuron:
synapses with 1o in cuneate/gracile then crosses the midline (internal arcuate fibres) to ascend in the medial lemniscus to the thalamus to synapse with 3o at the VPL

3o neuron:
project fibers to somatosensory cortex

38
Q

at what level do 2o neurones cross the midline in the dorsal column pathway?

A

closed medulla

39
Q

with reference to the somatotopic map of the post-central gyrus, where is information from the legs projected?

A

most medial

40
Q

with reference to the somatotopic map of the post-central gyrus, where is information from the face projected?

A

laterally

41
Q

which pathway travels contralaterally in the spinal cord?

A

Spinothalamic

42
Q

which pathway travels ipsilaterally in the spinal cord?

A

Dorsal column pathway

CM - Control (20 decks)

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