Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

The single most important factor in determining the ultimate strength of concrete is?

A

The water to cement ratio

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2
Q

Hardening of concrete involves a chemical process known as_____, in which water combines with the particles of cement to form a microscopic gel

A

Hydration

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3
Q

During the hardening of concrete, heat is given off by the chemical process

A

Heat of hydration

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4
Q

Quality control of concrete:

Normal design strength is reached?

A

After 28 days

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5
Q

Concrete in the process of curing must be maintained at the correct temperature, ideally between?

A

50 and 70°F

Concrete cured at or above 100°F will not reach its proper strength

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6
Q

Collapse of precast concrete:

Prestressed concrete systems may be more vulnerable to failure than ordinary reinforced concrete. The systems use reinforcing cables and rods made of high-strength steel’s that can yield at temperatures as low as?

A

752 degrees Fahrenheit

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7
Q

Ordinary reinforcing:

Concrete beams are frequently cast in the shape of a?

A

Tee

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8
Q

The primary function of placing reinforcing steel and concrete is too?

A

Resist tensile forces

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9
Q

Ordinary reinforced:

The steel can also be used to support some of the compressive forces. Vertical reinforcing bars are known as___and are provided to resist the?

A

Stirrups

Diagonal tension

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10
Q

Concrete framing systems:

The simplest and most economical floor system

A

Flat plate

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11
Q

Plain floor slab about 8 inches thick that rest on columns spaced up to 22 feet apart and depends on diagonal and orthogonal patterns of reinforcing bars for structural support because the slab lacks beams

A

Flat plate

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12
Q

A simple system that consist of a concrete slab with concrete columns for support

A

Flat slab concrete frame

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13
Q

Flat slab concrete frame:

The slab of concrete ranges and thickness from_to_.

A

6-12”

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14
Q

Flat slab concrete plate:

In a building that will support heavy live loads, the area around the columns is reinforced with additional concrete in the form of?

A

Drop panels or mushroom capitals

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15
Q

Flat slab concrete frame:

If the building will support light loads, this additional reinforcing is not necessary. The system is the known as a?

A

Flat plate

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16
Q

Slab and beam framing:

The spacing often gives an appearance similar to wood joist and is sometimes referred to as?

A

Concrete joist construction

17
Q

Slabs in this type of construction can be as thin as 2 inches.

A

Slab and beam framing

18
Q

Consist of a concrete slab supported by concrete beams

A

Slab and beam framing

19
Q

Slab and beam framing:

When the concrete beams run mainly in one direction, the framing is known as a?

A

One way reinforced slab

20
Q

This design provides a thicker slab while illuminating the weight of unnecessary concrete in the bottom half of the slab

A

Waffle construction

21
Q

Slab and beam concrete framing featuring concrete beams running into directions is known as?

A

Two way slab construction

*waffle construction

22
Q

This construction is used where spans are short and floor loading are high

A

Warfel construction, two-way framing SYSTEM

23
Q

Reinforcing steel placed in the bottom of the formwork provides reinforcement in two directions

A

Waffle construction

24
Q

Structural steel beams can replace concrete beams to support a poured concrete slab.

A

Concrete plus structural steel

25
Q

Other precast components are cast at the site and moved into position

A

Tilts up panels.

Precast concrete

26
Q

A major disadvantage to using precast concrete is the need to?

A

Transport the finished components to the job site

27
Q

Advantages to using precast concrete include:

A

Higher degree of quality control possible. Work can proceed more quickly at the job site. Precast concrete sandwich panels can be produced using a poly steering core to improve insulating properties of the precast concrete

28
Q

Precast concrete slabs for floor systems can be cast in standard shapes that include:

A

Solid slabs, hollow core slabs, single T slabs, and double T slabs

29
Q

Precast concrete slabs:

Solid slabs are used for short spans up to approximately?

The tea slabs can be use for spans up to?

A

30ft

120ft

30
Q

This style of construction requires that the roof assembly maintain structural integrity. Failure of the roof can result in failure of the wall from outward horizontal forces

A

Tilt up construction

31
Q

Reinforced wall panels are cast at the job site in horizontal casting beds

A

Tilt up construction

32
Q

Type of construction and which concrete wall sections are cast on the concrete floor of the building in tilted up into the vertical position

A

Tell Top construction. Also known as tilt slab construction

33
Q

Precast connections:

Supports for precast beams may include___ cast into the columns

A

Korbels, brackets)

34
Q

Several methods of reinforcing concrete include:

A

Ordinary reinforcing and prestressing