Chapter 3

Question 1

The direction of forces from Loads acting on the interior of structural members is expressed as?

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

The force is with any structural support system that resists applied loads are referred to as?

Answer 2

Reactions

Question 3

When a structural support system can support a load equal to or greater than the applied loads?

Answer 3

Equilibrium

Question 4

Any effect that a structure must be designed to resist, including the forces of gravity, wind, earthquakes or soil pressure

Answer 4

Load

Question 5

Factors that work against the strength of any piece of apparatus, equipment, or structural support.

Answer 5

Stress

Question 6

Measurement of force intensity is calculated as force divided by area

Answer 6

Stress

Question 7

Any interaction that may change the motion of an object. Simple measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds

Answer 7

Force

Question 8

A reaction with any structural component that opposes a vertical load.

Answer 8

Bending moment

Question 9

Force acting to draw an object toward the earths center, force is equal to the objects wait

Answer 9

Gravity

Question 10

The most common load impose on a structure via the weight of the structures components, content, and any occupancy activity

Answer 10

Gravity

Question 11

Stress is within the material are classified according to?

Answer 11

The direction of the force

Question 12

Pulls the material apart; referred to as?

Answer 12

Tension. Referred to as tensile stress

Question 13

Squeezes the material: referred to as?

Answer 13

Compression. Referred to as compressive stress

Question 14

Slides on the plane of the material passed an adjacent plane

Answer 14

Shear

Question 15

Vertical or horizontal force that pulls material apart for example the force exerted on the bottom cord of a truss

Answer 15

Tension

Question 16

Stress in a structural member that tends to stretch the member or pull it apart; often used to know the greatest amount of force a component Can withstand without failure

Answer 16

Tensile stress

Question 17

Vertical And/or horizontal forces that push the mass of a material together for example the force exerted on the top chord of a truss

Answer 17

Compression

Question 18

Stress resulting went to forces act on a body in opposite directions in parallel adjacent planes

Answer 18

Shear stress

Question 19

Theoretical slice of a three dimensional structural component to enable area and stress calculations

Answer 19

Cross section

Question 20

Unique stresses are caused by external load alignments including:

Answer 20

Ask your load. Eccentric load. Torsional load.

Question 21

Application of forces caused by earth quakes

Answer 21

Seismic load

Question 22

Most significant force generated by earthquakes

Answer 22

Lateral loads that create horizontal motion

Question 23

Forces produced by earthquakes travel in waves. These are the most complex forces that can be exerted on a building.

Answer 23

Seismic forces

Question 24

Area of discontinue it he in the earths crust associated with movement by tectonic plates

Answer 24

Fault

Question 25

Movement of a shockwave through the ground or structure after a large detonation: may cause additional damage to surrounding structures

Answer 25

Seismic effect

Question 26

Absorb resonant energy as the structure begins to move

Answer 26

Damping mechanisms

Question 27

Isolates the building from the horizontal movement of the earths surface

Answer 27

Base isolation

Question 28

Two common methods of base isolation

Answer 28

Shear systems. Sliding systems

Question 29

Load that exerts a horizontal force against a structure. Calculated as a live load.

Answer 29

Lateral load

Question 30

Includes seismic activity and soil pressure against vertical restraints such as retaining walls and foundations

Answer 30

Lateral load

Question 31

Movements of relatively large amplitude resulting from a small force applied at the natural frequency of a structure

Answer 31

Resonance

Question 32

Structural accommodation that allows building sections to move independently of each other

Answer 32

Expansion joint

Question 33

Structural element designed to control vibration from resonance

Answer 33

Damping mechanism

Question 34

Some types of structural stiffness are particularly effective against seismic loads, two types are:

Answer 34

Sheer walls and cross bracing. Structural support redundancy.

Question 35

Typical truss Shapes span distances of?

Answer 35

22 to 70 feet, but trust spans in modern construction may exceed 100 feet

Question 36

Lightweight steel trusses known as:

Answer 36

Bar joist

Question 37

Light weight wood or metal trusses known as?

Answer 37

Truss joist Have become common in the floor construction taking the place of solid joist

Question 38

These are a critical factor in the strength of the truss

Answer 38

Connectors in truss assemblies

Question 39

Three dimensional trust structures

Answer 39

Space frame

Question 40

Steel stud walls: Studs are placed

Answer 40

12 to 16” apart

Question 41

Membrane structures- Fabrics weigh less than other roof systems:

Answer 41

About 2 pounds per square foot

Question 42

The dynamic load of a stream discharging 250 gallons per minute may impact it’s target with___pounds of water per minute

Answer 42

2,080

Question 43

In some cases, dewatering operations will be necessary because water at a depth of 3 inches adds a static load of___pounds per square foot

Answer 43

21