Radiation Therapy

Question 1

three princpal modalities used in the treatment of cancer

Answer 1

radiation theraphy
surgery
chemotherapy

Question 2

most often delivered daily

Answer 2

monday - friday

2-8 weeks

Question 3

dosages range from

Answer 3

2000 cGy and 8000 cGy

Question 4

prescribes the quantity of radiation and determines anatomic region to be treated

Answer 4

radiation oncologist

Question 5

responsible for calibration and maintenance of radiation-producing equipment and gives advice on dosage calculations

Answer 5

medical physicist

Question 6

devises a plan for delivering treatments to irradiate tumor while protecting normal tissue

Answer 6

medical dosimetrist

Question 7

obtaining radiogphs or CT scans
administering treatments
keeping accurate recods of dose delivered
monitoring the patents physical and emotional well being

Answer 7

radiation therapist

Question 8

responsible for patient education on radiation side effects and side effect management

Answer 8

oncology nurse

Question 9

biological effects of ionizing radiation observed

Answer 9

epilation

erythema

Question 10

dr. emile grubb irradiated a women with carcinoma of the left breast

Answer 10

Jan 29 1896

Question 11

dr. clarence skinner performed the first reported curative treatment using ionizing radiation on a woman with malignant fibrosarcoma

Answer 11

Jan 1902

Question 12

the woman dr. skinner treated was declared free of her malignant fibrosarcoma

Answer 12

Apr 1909

Question 13

two major categories for application of radiation for cancer treatment

Answer 13

external-beam

brachytherapy

Question 14

also called teletherapy

the patient lies underneath a machine that emits radiation of generates a beam of xrays

Answer 14

external-beam

Question 15

radioactive material is placed within the patient

Answer 15

brachytherapy

Question 16

radioactive source is placed in close proximity to a lesion

Answer 16

mould technique

Question 17

placement of radioactive source in the body cavity

Answer 17

intracavitary implant technique

Question 18

radioactive source is placed directly into the tumor site and adjacent tissue

Answer 18

interstitial implant technique

Question 19

for treatment of superficial lesions

low-energy beam deposits all or most of its energy on or near the surface

Answer 19

120-kVp superficial xray unit

Question 20

for treatment of moderatly superficial lesions

Answer 20

250 kVp orthovoltage unit

Question 21

average energy is 1.25 MeV
replaced orthovoltage units
first skin-sparing machine
known as the “work horse” reliablity and simplicity

Answer 21

cobalt-60 gamma ray source

Question 22

is most suitable for tumors deep beneath the body

Answer 22

high energy

Question 23

machine rotates around a fixed point and maintains the same distance from source of radiation

Answer 23

isocentric machine

Question 24

source for high energy electrons

developed in 1952 first used in the us in 1956

Answer 24

6-35 MV linear accelerator or betartron

Question 25

is produced by accelerating a stream of electrons twoard a target

Answer 25

photon beam

Question 26

is most suitable for tumors deep within the body

Answer 26

megavoltage high-energy beam

Question 27

steps in radiation therapy

Answer 27

simulation
dosimetry
treatment

Question 28

done with a fluroscopy or CT simulator to determine the volume of tissue to be encompasssed within the radiation field

Answer 28

simulation

Question 29

referes to the measurement of radiation dose and its distribution throuhout the patients body

Answer 29

dosimetry

Question 30

devises a treatment plan that delivers a homogenous dose to the tumor while not exceeding the tolerance dose of a specific organ
monitors the dosage that critical anatomy is receiving and keeps the dose within established guidelines

Answer 30

dosimetrist

Question 31

is an outline of the external surface of the patients body at the level of the central axis (center of treatment field)

Answer 31

contour

Question 32

ensuring optimum treatment requires
precision posistioning of the machine, proper selection of the treatment field and MLC, accurate placement of cerrobend blocks of wedges, implementation of any changes in the patients treatment plae

Answer 32

treatment

Question 33

produce a digital image that is displayed on a computer screen adjacent to the linac computer console

Answer 33

Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPIDs)

Question 34

treatment varies by type and stage of disease
therapy used in conjunction with surgery and chemo
5000-6000 cGy of 10 MeV

Answer 34

lung cancer

Question 35

radiation therapy is standard treatment
surgical removal of the prostate gland is another common approach
four fields are used AP PA laterals using 10MV and 7000 cGy
brachytherapy can also be used (early-stage)

Answer 35

prostate cancer

Question 36

small lesion in the mouth can be treated with 6000 cGy for 4 weeks with orthovoltage beam

Answer 36

head and neck cancers

Question 37

early diagnosed cancers can be treated with either radiation or surgery

Answer 37

cervical cancer

Question 38

patient age and extent of disease determines treatment and prognosis

Answer 38

hodgkins disease

Question 39

uses two tangetical fields to the chest wall of intact breast

Answer 39

breast cancer

Question 40

cancer of the larynx is best treated with

Answer 40

megavoltage radiation

Question 41

turmors confined to the true vocal cords with normal cord mobility have a 90% 5 year cure rate; in addition the voice remains useful

Answer 41

laryngeal cancer

Question 42

carcinomas of the skin are usually squamous cell or basal cell lesions that may be treated with superficial radiation or surgery
cure rates tend to run between 80% and 90% and basal cell lesions less than 1 cm in diameter have a cure rate of almost 100%

Answer 42

skin cancer

Question 43

the tumor is radiosensitive and patients who have had treatment of the entire cerbrospinal axis have a 5 year cure rate of greater than 60%

Answer 43

medulloblastoma