England and France Flashcards
When did the Norman era begin in England?
1066, with the invasion of William the Conqueror (William of Normandy).
What was Normandy?
A northern area of France.
Which Viking ruler took over the north of France and when?
Rollo, in the mid-800s.
What did the French do to establish peace between France and the Vikings?
Paid them to retreat.
When did Edward the Confessor die?
1066.
Who were the three claimants to the English throne after Edwards death?
- Harold Godwinson (an Englishman)
- Harald Hardrada (A Viking King related to Cnut)
- William of Normandy (a Norman Duke)
What happened at the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
Harold Godwinson and Harald Hardrada fought.
Harold Godwinson was successful in defeating, and killing, Harald Hardrada, therefore ending any Viking claims to the English throne.
What happened at the Battle of Hastings.
William of Normandy invaded and Harold Godwinson was defeated.
Who became the new King of England in 1066?
William of Normandy (he was also still the Duke of Normandy).
When did William’ son, Henry I, become King of England?
1100.
When did Henry I die?
1135.
Who did Henry I appoint as queen after his death?
His daughter, Matilda.
What did Henry I do before his death?
He appointed an important marriage between Matilda and Geoffrey, the Count of Anjou.
What was Anjou?
A region in France.
When did Matilda’s cousin, Stephen, become King?
In 1135.
Who was Matilda’s and Geoffrey’s son?
Henry of Anjou.
When did Henry II (Henry of Anjou) become king?
1154 - he was the first Angevin King of England.
When did Henry II marry Eleanor of Aquitaine?
1152.
What regions of France was Henry now interested in (controlled)?
- Normandy
- Anjou
- Aquitaine
When did Henry II invade Ireland?
1171.
How long did Henry II stay in Ireland and what did he do?
He stayed for six months and tried to establish Angevin authority by building castles.
What was the Treaty of Windsor?
Henry II and the High King of Ireland signed a treaty that allowed Henry II to rule a portion of land in the East coast called ‘The Pale’.
When was the Treaty of Windsor signed?
1175.
How many sons did Henry II have?
Four sons.
Who were Henry II’s four sons?
- Henry III
- Richard
- Geoffery II
- John