Isomers Flashcards
What are structural isomers?
Structural isomers have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
What type of isomer is a structural isomer?
Positional isomer
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with the same functional group but different carbon chain length
What effect does the length of the carbon chain have on chemical properties in homologous series?
Little or no effect
What properties does the carbon chain length affect in a homologous series?
Physical properties; e.g. melting point, boiling point and solubility
What are isomers?
Molecules with the same molecular formula but their atoms are arranged differently
What are the main two types of isomers?
Stereoisomers
Structural isomers
What are the three types of structural isomers?
1) Positional isomers - functional group is attached to the main chain but in different positions
2) Functional group isomers - there are different functional groups with the same molecular formula e.g. ether or alcohol
3) Chain isomerism - the hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently
What are the two types of stereoisomers?
E-Z isomerism
Optical isomerism
When does E/Z isomerism apply and what does each one represent?
Apply across a double bond
E = same atoms or highest atomic number on opposite sides of a double bond
Z = same ‘zide’
What are the two isomers called in optical isomerism where they are chiral?
A pair of enantiomers
What is another word for a chiral centre?
Asymmetric carbon atom
