Neck

Question 1

Platysma

Answer 1

Subcutaneous tissue superior and inferior to clavicle

Mandible, cheek, inferior lip and orbicularis oris

Depress mandible (against resistance)

Facial nerve

Question 2

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 2

Mastoid process and Occipital bone

Manubrium & medial 1/3 of clavicle

Bilateral: extends atlanto-occipital joints
Flexes neck
Extends superior cervical vertebrae & flexes inferior cervical vertebrae
Unilateral:
- laterally flexes and superiorly rotates neck

• Accessory Nerve

Question 3

Name the Suprahyoid muscles, their attachments and actions

Answer 3

Proximal:
Digastric: cranial base
Stylohyoid: styloid process
Myelohyoid & Geniohyoid: mandible body

Distal: hyoid bone

Elevate hyoid bone

Depress mandible against resistance

Question 4

State the actions of the Infrahyoid muscles

Answer 4

Depress or fix hyoid bone

Question 5

Anterior Scalene

Answer 5

TP of C3-6

1st rib

Flexes head

Question 6

Posterior & Middle scalene

Answer 6

TP of C5-7

Middle: 1st rib

Posterior: 2nd rib

Laterally flex & elevate ribs during forced inspiration

Question 7

Describe 3 stages of deglutition

Answer 7

1. Voluntary: Bolus pushed to Oropharynx by tongue muscles & soft palate
2. Involuntary: soft palate & Larynx elevates, Pharynx widens
3. Involuntary: Pharyngeal constrictor muscle Contract to push Bolus into Oesophagus

Question 8

What connects the thyroid lobes together?

Answer 8

Isthmus

Question 9

Cause of Goiter

Answer 9

Lack of Iodine to the Thyroid Gland

Question 10

Name the 9 cartilages of the larynx, whIch are paired and unpaired

Answer 10

Single:
Thyroid, Cricoid, Epiglottic

Paired:
Arytenoid, Corniculate, Cuneiform

Question 11

What is the piriform recess

Answer 11

Space between larynx and pharynx

Question 12

What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves supply?

Answer 12

Trachea, oesophagus and muscles of larynx

Question 13

Sympathetic Trunk:

How many ganglia and at what vertebral level do they sit

Answer 13

3 ganglia:

Superior - C1-2

Middle - C6

Inferior - C7

Question 14

Name the 7 important branches of the External Carotid to remember when drawing in the Theory exam

(facial blood supply)

Answer 14

(Artery)

Posterior Auricular

Superficial temporal

Transverse Facial

Facial

Maxillary

Superior & Inferior Thyroid

Question 15

What is Torti Collis

Answer 15

Unilateral Shortening of sternocleidomastoid

Question 16

Causes of Torti Collis

Answer 16

Wake up after muscle spasms

Nerve damage

Tumour

Congenital

Birth- midwife pulling too hard on babies neck

Question 17

Name two pathologies of the Thyroid gland and their prevalence

Answer 17

Pyramidal: up to 50%

Absence of an isthmus: 10-30% of population

Question 18

What is a Goiter and what is the cause

Answer 18

Swelling of Thyroid Gland

Lack of Iodine

Question 19

What is the Laryngeal Prominence

Answer 19

Adam’s apple

Question 20

Name structures that a Tracheostomy may cut through

Answer 20

Deep cervical fascia

Pretrachial fascia

Isthmus of Thyroid Gland

2nd and 3rd C-shaped cartilage

Question 21

What two vessels does the Vagus Nerve travel between

Answer 21

Internal Jugular and common carotid artery

Question 22

Which part of the Common Carotid Artery contains chemoreceptors

Answer 22

Carotid body

Question 23

Which part of the Common Carotid Artery contains Baroreceptors

Answer 23

Carotid sinus

Question 24

What is the Piriform Recess

Answer 24

Space between Larynx and Pharynx