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Year 3 ICSM COPY > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main types of abscess?

A

Skin or internal

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2
Q

What sort of investigation should be done for internal ulcers?

A

Ultrasound

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3
Q

What is the most common form of candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

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4
Q

Describe the appearance of a candidiasis skin infection

A

Erythematous, moist, rugged + peeling edges

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5
Q

What is the first-line of treatment for candidiasis?

A

Fluconazole

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6
Q

Define cellulitis

A

Acute non-purulent spreading infection of subcutaneous tissue

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7
Q

What are the 2 most commonly implicated pathogens in cellulitis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Streptococcus pyogenes

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8
Q

Differentiate the signs that would indicate periorbital or orbital cellulitis

A

Periorbital: swollen eyelid and conjunctivitis
Orbital: proptosis and decreased acuity

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9
Q

What are the existing forms of herpes simplex virus?

A

HSV1 and HSV2

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10
Q

Why does HSV infection often have a precipitating event to trigger symptoms?

A

Primary infection usually asymptomatic, and virus remains dormant in cells
Precipitating factor such as stress can cause cell lysis, releasing the virus

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11
Q

Recall 3 diseases that can be caused by herpes simplex

A

Cold sores
Gingovostomatitis
Pharyngitis

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12
Q

Which virus causes gingivostomatitis?

A

HSV1

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13
Q

Which virus causes genital herpes?

A

HSV2

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14
Q

Recall the pathophysiology of HIV infection

A

Virus binds to GP120 allowing entry to CD4+ T cells

CD4 cell transcribes HIV genome, allowing replication

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15
Q

Recall and describe the stages of HIV infection

A
  1. SEROCONVERSION: self-limiting, may cause fever, night sweats, lymphadenopathy and sore throat
  2. Early stage: pt apparently well, some lymphadenopathy
  3. AIDS: syndrome of secondary diseases
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16
Q

Which respiratory condition are HIV patients particularly at risk of contracting?

A

Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis

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17
Q

Recall 2 tumours that HIV patients are at high risk of developing

A

Kaposi sarcoma

Lymphoma

18
Q

Which virus causes infectious mononucleosis?

A

EBV

19
Q

Recall the pathophysiology of infectious mononucleosis

A

EBV infects B cells and disseminates across the body (hence atypical lymphocytes will be seen on blood film)

20
Q

Recall the 3 key non-systemic symptoms of infectious mononucleosis

A

Sore throat
Abdominal pain
Anorexia

21
Q

What would be seen on examination of the pharynx in infectious mononcleosis?

A

White exudate on tonsils

22
Q

Recall one blood test result in infectious mononucleosis that isn’t necessarily intuitive to remember

A

LFTs deranged: high AST and ALT

23
Q

What would be found upon serological testing in infectious mononucleosis?

A

IgG directed against nuclear and capsid antigens of EBV

24
Q

Which drug is contra-indicated in infectious mononucleosis management and why?

A

Ampicillin and amoxicillin

They cause maculopapular rash

25
Q

In what sort of cells does plasmodium proliferate?

A

Erythrocytes

26
Q

Which pathogen is responsible for causing malaria?

A

Plasmodium

27
Q

Which form of plasmodium is the most dangerous?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

28
Q

For how long can the plasmodium parasite be incubated?

A

1 year

29
Q

Exactly describe the symptoms of malaria

A

CYCLICAL symptoms of: high fever, flu-like symptoms, hyperhidrosis (excess sweating) and rigors

30
Q

What symptoms present alongside fevers in cerebral malaria?

A

Headache
Disorientation
Coma

31
Q

Recall the 3 key signs of malaria

A

Haemolytic anaemia
Pyrexia
Hepatosplenomegaly

32
Q

Recall the investigations required to confirm a malaria diagnosis

A

Thick and thin blood films

33
Q

For how long is varicella zoster contagious?

A

From 48 hours before the rash appears until it disappears

34
Q

What is “zoster” another name for?

A

Shingles

35
Q

What is “varicella” commonly known as?

A

Chickenpox

36
Q

How long is the recovery period from shingles?

A

10-14 days

37
Q

Recall the symptoms of zoster

A

Painful tingling and skin lesions in dermatomal distribution

38
Q

Describe the rash caused by varicella

A

Erythematous macropapular

39
Q

What is the first-line medical management for shingles?

A

Acyclovir

40
Q

Recall 2 possible complications of shingles

A

Post-hepatic neuralgia is the key one

Ophthalmicus

Year 3 ICSM COPY (17 decks)

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