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KN JD NPTE: PULMONARY > Pulmonary Examination > Flashcards

Pulmonary Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Normal HR infant? Adult?

A

Infant: 120
Adult: 60-100

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2
Q

Normal BP: infant? Adult?

A

Infant: 75/50
Adult: <120/80

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3
Q

Normal RR: infant? Adult?

A

Infant: 40
Adult: 12-20

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4
Q

Normal PaO2: infant? Adult?

A

Infant: 75-80 mmHg
Adult: 80-100 mmHg

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5
Q

Normal PaCO2: infant? Adult?

A

Infant: 34-54 mmHg
Adult: 35-45 mmHg

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6
Q

Normal pH: infant? Adult?

A

Infant: 7.26-7.41
Adult: 7.35-7.45

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7
Q

Normal TV: infant? Adult?

A

Infant: 20 ml
Adult: 500 ml

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8
Q

What is cyanosis?

A

Acute sign of hypoxemia, bluish tinge to nail beds and areas around eyes/mouth

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9
Q

What is digital clubbing?

A

Sign of chronic hypoxemia

Configuration of distal phalanx of fingers/toes becomes bulbous

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10
Q

Ratio of A-P-lateral dimension with breathing?

A

1:2

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11
Q

thoracic excursion in healthy adults measured at base of lungs from full inspiration to end tidal volume expiration is ___ inches

A

2-3

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12
Q

Thoracic excursion in healthy adults, measured at the base of the lungs from full inspiration to full expiration is ___ inches

A

2-3

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13
Q

Soft rustling sound heard throughout all inspiration and beginning of expiration

A

Vesicular (normal breath sound)

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14
Q

More hollow, echoing sound normally found only over R superior anterior thorax. Heard for all of inspiration, most of expiration
What does this sound correspond to?

A

Bronchial

Corresponds to area over R main stem bronchus

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15
Q

Very distant sound not normally heard over healthy thorax; allows only some of the inspiration to be heard.
What is this often associated with?

A

Distant

OBSTRUCTIVE lung disease

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16
Q

What are the adventitious sounds?

A

Crackles (rales/crepitations)

Wheezes

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17
Q

Crackling sound heard usually during inspiration that indicates pathology.
What is it and what pathologies?

A

Crackles

Atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema

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18
Q

Musically pitched sound, usually heard on expiration called by airway obstruction. May also be heard on inspiration with severe airway constriction, such as croup

A

Wheezes

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19
Q

What conditions would wheezes be heard with?

A

Asthma, COPD, foreign body aspiration

20
Q

Auscultation and vocal sounds are heard louder/quieter where?

A

Auscultation: quieter at bases than apex

Vocal sounds: loudest near trachea/main-stem bronchi, quieter near bases

21
Q

Nasal or bleating sound heard during auscultation. “E” sounds like “_”

A

Egophony

A

22
Q

Intense, clear sound during auscultation, even at lung bases

A

Bronchophoney

23
Q

Whispered sounds heard clearly during auscultation

A

Whispered pectoriloquy

24
Q

Detect presence of abnormal material (exudate, blood) or change in pulmonary parenchyma (fibrosis, collapse)

A

Chest X-ray

25
Q

V/Q Scan: what does it do/what can it detect?

A

Matches ventilation pattern of lung to perfusion pattern of lung to ID presence of PE

26
Q

Continuous x-ray beams allow observation of diaphragmatic excursion

A

Fluoroscopy

27
Q

ABG analysis indicates adequacy of:
Alveolar ventilation by determining ? (3)
Arterial oxygenation by determining ? (2)

A

Alveolar: pH, HCO3-, PaCO2
Arterial: PaO2 in relation to FiO2

28
Q

Sputum gram stain for immediate category of ____ and its appearance (____).

A

Bacteria (-/+)

Pairs, chains

29
Q

Sputum culture and sensitivity: identifies specific bacteria as well as what?

A

Organism’s susceptibility to various antibiotics

30
Q

Reports presence of cancer cells in sputum

A

Cytology

31
Q

Normal WBC

A

4000-11000

32
Q

Normal Hct

A

35-48%

33
Q

Normal Hgb

A

12-16 g/dL

34
Q

Endoscope used to view, biopsy, wash, suction and/or brush interior aspects of tracheobronchial tree

A

Bronchoscopy

35
Q

Exercise tolerance tests (ETT) can be used to determine exercise-induced ____ by testing pulmonary function, especially ___ before and after ETT

A

Bronchospasm

FEV1

36
Q 
ABG interpretation:
Respiratory alkalosis- what happens to:
pH
PaCO2
HCO3-
A

Increase
Decrease
WNL

37
Q

ABG interpretation:

Respiratory alkalosis is caused by?

A

Alveolar hypERventilation

38
Q

ABG interpretation:

respiratory alkalosis- what are s/sx?

A

Dizziness, syncope, tingling, numbness, early tetany

39
Q 
ABG interpretation:
Respiratory acidosis- what happens to?
pH
PaCO2
HCO3-
A

Decreases
Increases
WNL

40
Q

ABG interpretation:

Respiratory acidosis causes?

A

Alveolar HYPOventilation

41
Q 
ABG interpretation:
Metabolic alkalosis- what happens to:
pH
PaCO2
HCO3-
A

Increases
WNL
Increases

42
Q 
ABG interpretation:
Metabolic acidosis- what happens to:
pH
PaCO2
HCO3-
A

Decreases
WNL
Decreases

43
Q

ABG interpretation:

Metabolic acidosis causes?

A

Diabetic, lactic, or uremic acidosis, prolonged diarrhea

44
Q

ABG interpretation:

metabolic alkalosis causes?

A

Bicarbonate ingestion, vomiting, diuretics, steroids, adrenal disease

45
Q

ABG interpretation:

Metabolic alkalosis s/sx

A

Vague: weakness, mental dullness, possible early tetany

46
Q

ABG interpretation:

Metabolic acidosis s/sx?

A

Secondary hyperventilation (Kussmaul breathing), nausea, lethargy, coma

47
Q

Graded Exercise Test Termination Criteria:

  1. Maximal ___
  2. Fall in PaO2 greater than __ mmHg or PaO2 less than ___mmHg
  3. Rise in PaCO2 of greater than __mmHg or PaCO2 greater than __ mmHg
  4. Cardiac __ or __
  5. Symptoms of ___
  6. Increase in DBP of ___ mmHg SBP > ___mmHg, decreases in BP with increasing ____
  7. Leg pain
  8. Total fatigue
  9. Signs of insufficient ____
  10. Reaching ___ maximum
A
  1. SOB
  2. 20, 55
  3. 10, 65
  4. Ischemia, arrhythmias
  5. Fatigue
  6. 20, 250, workload
  7. Cardiac output
  8. Ventilators

KN JD NPTE: PULMONARY (15 decks)

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