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EMT IUP > EMT Exam #4 > Flashcards

EMT Exam #4 Flashcards

1
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Caused by inflammation and swelling of pharynx, larynx, and trachea.

Typically seen in children age 6 months to 3 years
Stridor and seal-bark coughing

Responds well to humidified oxygen

A

Croup

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2
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Bacterial infection causing inflammation of epiglottis

Children are often found in tripod position and drooling

Position comfortably and provide oxygen

A

Epiglottitis

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3
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Common cause of illness in young children
Causes infection in the lungs and passages
Look for signs of dehydration

Treat airway and breathing problems, humidified oxygen is helpful

A

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

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4
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Viral illness often caused by RSV

Bronchioles become inflamed, swell and fill with mucus

A

Bronchiolitis

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5
Q 
Name Respiratory Emergency:

Affects people who are chronically ill
Fever
Can affect both lungs
Viral presents more gradually and is less severe, Bacterial will come on quickly and result in high fever
A

Pneumonia

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6
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Airborne bacterial infection that mostly affects children under 6
Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound after coughing

A

Pertussis (Whooping Cough)

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7
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Bacterial infection that most often affects the lungs
Wear gloves, eye protection, and an N-95 respirator at minimum

A

Tuberculosis

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8
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Heart muscle can’t circulate blood properly
Fluid builds up w/in alveoli and in lung tissue
Result of CHF
Crackles and rails heard

A

Acute pulmonary edema

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9
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Patient will have “dry” lung sounds
Wheezing and diminished lung sounds

A

COPD

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10
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:


Result of an allergic reaction to inhaled, ingested or injected substance

A

Anaphylaxis

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11
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Acute spasm of small air passages
Produces characteristic wheezing

A

Asthma

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12
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:


Collection of fluid outside the lung, compresses the lung and causes dyspnea

A

Pleural effusion

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13
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Blood clot that circulates through the venous system
S/S: Dyspnea, tachycardia, cyanosis

A

Pulmonary embolism

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14
Q

Name Respiratory Emergency:

Over-breathing to the point that arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal
Balling of fists, pins and needles feeling
May be indicator of life-threatening illness or panic attack

A

Hyperventilation

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15
Q

Name Cardiovascular Emergency:
Heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle

A

Angina Pectoris

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16
Q

Name Cardiovascular Emergency:


A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction.

A

Acute coronary syndrome

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17
Q

Name Cardiovascular Emergency:

Pain signals the actual death of cells in the area of the heart muscle where blood flow is obstructed
Heart attack that is new or happening currently

A

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

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18
Q

Name Cardiovascular Emergency:

Associated with impaired heart function; compromised heart function prevents wastes and nutrients from moving around the body effectively.

A

Cardiogenic shock

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19
Q

Name Cardiovascular Emergency:

Ventricular heart muscle is so permanently damaged that it can no longer keep up w/ the return flow of blood from the atria

Can occur after an MI, setting of heart valve damage or consequence of high BP

A

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

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20
Q

Name Cardiovascular Emergency:


Usually occurs only w/ systolic greater than 180 mm Hg or rapid rise

A

Hypertensive emergencies

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21
Q

Name Neurological Emergency:
Stroke that happens when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is stopped by a blockage inside a blood vessel, usually a blood clot.

A

Ischemic stroke

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22
Q

Name Neurological Emergency:

Stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

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23
Q

Name Neurological Emergency:
Mini stroke where no actual death of tissue occurs

A disorder of the brain in which the brain cells temporarily stop function causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset.

A

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

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24
Q

Name Neurological Emergency:

Neurological episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain

A

Seizure

25
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of shock?

A 
Low BP (late sign)
Clammy
Rapid pulse/breathing
Changes in mental status
Pale skin
LOC
26
Q

What does OPQRST stand for and what questions should you ask for each?

A

O: Onset; “When did it start?”
P: Provoke; “Does anything make it better or worse?”
Q: Quality; “What does it feel like?”
R: Radiate; “Does it travel anywhere else?”
S: Severity; “How bad is it, 1-10?”
T: Time; “How long has it been going on?”

27
Q

What are the routes that toxins/poisons enter the body?

A

Inhalation
Injection
Ingestion
Absorption

28
Q

Name type of seizure:
Results from abnormal electrical discharges from large areas of the brain, usually involving both hemispheres.

Characterized by unconsciousness and generalized severe twitching lasting several minutes or longer

A

Generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure

29
Q

Name type of seizure:

Begins in one part of the brain, can be simple or complex

A

Partial (focal) seizure

30
Q

Name type of seizure:

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers; most often seen in children.

A

Febrile seizure

31
Q

Seizures lasting more than 5 minutes are likely to progress to ___________________, which describes seizures that continue every few minutes w/o person regaining consciousness or last longer than 30 minutes.

A

Status epilepticus

32
Q

What is the dose for EpiPen?

A
  1. 3 mg for adults

0. 15 mg for children

33
Q

What is the dose for a MDI?

A

1 to 2 inhalation 5 minutes apart

34
Q

What is the dose for Nitroglycerin?

A
  1. 3 - 0.4 SL

0. 4 spray

35
Q

What is the dose for Aspirin?

A

160 to 325 mg

36
Q

What is the dose for Narcan?

A

0.4 mg injector

2 mg IN

37
Q

What is the dose for Insta Glucose?

A

1/2 to 1 tube

38
Q

What are the indications for EpiPen?

A

Anaphylactic reaction

39
Q

What are the indications for a MDI?

A

Asthma

40
Q

What are the indications for Nitroglycerin?

A

Chest pain cardiac origin

41
Q

What are the indications for Aspirin?

A

Chest pain cardiac origin

42
Q

What are the indications for Narcan?

A

Opioid poisoning

43
Q

What are the indications for Insta Glucose?

A

Low blood sugar

44
Q

What are the contraindications of EpiPen?

A

Chest pain cardiac origin
Hypothermia
Hypertension

45
Q

What are the contraindications of a MDI?

A

Hypersensitivity

Tachycardia, cardiac chest pain

46
Q

What are the contraindications of Nitroglycerin?

A

Hypotension
ED meds w/in 24 hrs
Unconscious, head injury

47
Q

What are the contraindications of Narcan?

A

Hypersensitivity

48
Q

What are the contraindications of Insta Glucose?

A

Decreased LOC

Nausea and vomiting

49
Q

What are the normal heart rate and blood glucose levels for adults?

A

HR: 60-100

Blood glucose: 80-100

50
Q

What are the signs of ICP?

A

High BP
Deep respirations
Slower pulse

51
Q

What type of effect do MDI’s have on the body?

A

Dilate bronchioles (bronchodilator)

52
Q

What type of bag is evidence in a sexual assault best kept in?

A

Paper

53
Q

In diabetics, when insulin levels decrease, what happens to blood sugar?

A

It rises

54
Q

What should you do for a patient who has chronic renal failure?

A

Lay flat and treat for shock (hypotension)

55
Q

How should you use the Cincinnati Stroke Scale?

A

F: Facial drooping; Show teeth or smile
A: Arm drift; Close eyes and hold both arms out palms up
S: Speech; Say simple sentence

56
Q

What are the ventilations for adults and children?

A

Children: 20-30
Adults: 12-20

57
Q

Should you use an oral airway on a children experiencing epiglottitis?

A

No, BVM only

58
Q

___________________ is a condition that has a gradual onset in children with low grade fever, seal-like bark cough

A

Croup

59
Q

__________________ is a condition that is more rapid with a higher fever in mostly children, difficulty swallowing with drooling; life-threatening emergency.

A

Epiglottitis

EMT IUP (7 decks)

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