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Paediatrics > DEVELOPMENT AND DELAY > Flashcards

DEVELOPMENT AND DELAY Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main aspects of development that are routinely assessed?

A

Gross motor
Fine motor and vision
Hearing, speech and language
Social behaviour and play

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2
Q

In terms of assessing gross motor ability of a new born, what should you be looking for?

A

Symmetrical movement of all four limbs

Normal muscle tone

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3
Q

In terms of assessing fine motor and visual ability of a new born, what should you be looking for?

A

Whether or the not the baby fixes on mother’s face and follows through 90 degrees

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4
Q

In terms of assessing hearing, speech and language ability of a new born, what should you be looking for?

A

Crying

There is also the national Newborn Hearing Screening Programme

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5
Q

In terms of assessing social behavior and play ability of a new born, what should you be looking for?

A

Whether or not the baby responds to being picked up.

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6
Q

What should a 6 week old be able to do in terms of gross motor development?

A

Have good head control when pulled up to sitting position or when held in ventral suspension
Have the Moro response (see next card)

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7
Q

What is the Moro response?

A

Extension of the arms, and then brisk adduction towards the chest when the infant is startled or if the baby’s head is allowed to drop back slightly. Should be symmetrical.

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8
Q

What should a 6 week old be able to do in terms of social development?

A

Smile

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9
Q

What should a 6-8 month old be able to do in terms of gross motor development?

A 
Bears weight on legs
Sits without support 
Forward & downward parachute response
Crawls
No longer exhibit Moro response
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10
Q

What should a 6-8 month old be able to do in terms of fine motor and visual development?

A

Reaches out to grasp
Fixes on small objects
Follows fallen toys

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11
Q

What should a 6-8 month old be able to do in terms of hearing and speech development?

A

Polysyllabic babbling
Laughs
Responds to own name
Positive distraction hearing test

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12
Q

What should a 6-8 month old be able to do in terms of social behaviour and play development?

A

Puts everything to mouth
Hand and foot regard (bringing feet up to mouth)
Plays peek-a-boo

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13
Q

What are some of the red flags seen in babies who are 6-8 months old?

A

Persisting primitive reflexes (such as Moro response)

Hand preference, fisting, squint

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14
Q

What should a 12 month old be able to do in terms of gross motor development?

A

Gets to sitting position
Pulled to a standing position
Walks holding furniture
Walks 2 steps alone

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15
Q

What should a 12 month old be able to do in terms of fine motor and visual development?

A

Points with index finger
Throws objects
Pincer grip
Holds 2 bricks and bangs them together

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16
Q

What should a 12 month old be able to do in terms of hearing and speech development?

A

Turns to sound of name
Uses ‘mama’ and ‘dada’
Understands several words

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17
Q

What should a 12 month old be able to do in terms of social behaviour and play development?

A

Imitating
Indicates wants without crying
Gestures such as waving

18
Q

What are the red flags to look out for if reviewing a 12 month old?

A

Unable to sit or weight bear
Persistence of hand regard
Absence of babbling

19
Q

What should a 18 month old be able to do in terms of gross motor development?

A

Carries toys while walking
Climbs stairs (14-22 months)
Climbs onto chair

20
Q

What should a 18 month old be able to do in terms of fine motor and visual development?

A

Delicate pincer grasp
Scribbles
Turns pages
Builds tower of 3 or 4 bricks

21
Q

What should a 18 month old be able to do in terms of hearing and speech development?

A

Jabbers Continually
Utters 3 or more words
Points to eyes, nose and mouth on direction
Obeys simple instructions – ‘close the door’

22
Q

What should a 18 month old be able to do in terms of social behaviour and play development?

A

Holds spoon: gets food to mouth
Explores environment
Indicates toilet needs

23
Q

What are the red flags to look out for if reviewing an 18 month old?

A 
Inability to stand without support
Inability to understand simple commands
No spontaneous vocalisation 
No pincer grip
Casting (throwing) still present
24
Q

At what age should a child be able to sit unsupported?

A

8 months

25
Q

At what age should a child be able to pull themselves to standing?

A

12 months

26
Q

At what age should a child be able to walk a couple of steps alone?

A

12-14 months

27
Q

At what age should a child be able to kick a ball?

A

18 months

28
Q

At what age should a child be able to sit at the table?

A

2 years

29
Q

At what age should a child be able to jump?

A

2 years

30
Q

At what age should a child be able to stand on one leg?

A

3 years

31
Q

At what age should a child be able to hop?

A

4 years

32
Q

At what age should a child be able to catch a ball?

A

5 years

33
Q

By what age should a child be able to scribble?

A

18 months

34
Q

By what age should a child be able to draw a straight line?

A

2 years

35
Q

By what age should a child be able to draw a square?

A

4 years

36
Q

By what age should a child be able to draw a circle?

A

3 years

37
Q

By what age should a child be able to draw a triangle?

A

5 years

38
Q

By what age should a child be able to draw an intersecting cross?

A

3 years

39
Q

By what age should a child be able to draw a diamond?

A

6 years

40
Q

What are the red flags to look out for when reviewing a child of 3 years old?

A 
Inaccurate use of spoon
Not speaking in sentences
Unable to understand simple commands
Unable to use the toilet alone
Not interacting with other children
41
Q

What is the first sign of puberty in boys?

Development of axillary hair

Height spurt

Development of pubic hair

Increase in penis length

Increase in testicular volume

A

Increase in testicular volume

Paediatrics (56 decks)

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