7A - The role of perception Flashcards
(27 cards)
Social Cognition
how we judge others in social situations by interpreting and analysing information
Cognitive bias
a systematic error in thinking
-due to oversimplifying the info available
Bias
disproportionate weight in favour of pr against an idea or thing
-usually close-minded, prejudicial or unfair often leading to error
Physical cues
the physical characteristics and behaviours of people that influence our impression of them
Halo effect (pretty privilege)
a cognitive bias in which one impression of a person influences their beliefs about their other qualities
- good looking = kind, intelegent
Body language
non-verbal communication in which physical behaviour and movement rather than words are used to express/deliver a certain message
- body language differences between different cultures = misunderstandings
Salient
a descriptor for anything that is prominent, conspicuous or otherwise noticeable when compares to its surroundings
- not always accurate or important, leading to missing more important info
Social catergorisation
a mental shortcut used in person perception to catergorise people into groups based on their shared characteristics
-
lead to errors of judgement, stereotyping and discrimination
Person perception
the mental processes we use to form impressions of other people
Schema
our pre-existing mental ideas relating to a given concept that help us organise and interpret new info
Attributions
interference that we make about the causes of events and behaviours
personal attributions
explanations of a persons behaviour based on their characteristics
- ability, personality, energy
situational attributions
explanations of a persons behaviour based on factors outside the person involved
- luck, actions of another person, environment
Fundamental attribution error
the tendency to overemphasise personal characteristics ad ignore situational factors when judging the behaviour of other people
just-world hypothesis
a cognitive bias in which people believe that the world is fair or just and that everyone gets what they deserve
Actor-observer bias
the tendency to attribute our own behaviours to situational causes but attribute the behaviour of others to their internal factors
Self-serving bias
the tendency to attribute our successes to internal factors and out failures to external factors
Attitude
an evluation that a person makes about other people, objects, issues or any other thing
tri-component model of attitudes
a model proposing that attitudes must have three related components
- Affective, behavioural and cognitive (ABC)
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Attitudes don’t always match behaviour due to specific situational factors.
LaPiere’s study showed attitudes can’t reliably predict behaviour.
Affective compenent
the emotional component of attitudes involving how you feel about people, objects, places, events or ideas
Behavioural component
the action component of attitudes involving what you do or don’t do as an expression of attitude
Cognitive component
the mental component of attitudes involving the beliefs or thoughts that you have about people, objects, places, events, or ideas
Stereotype
a collections of fixed ideas about members of a certain group in which their individual differences are ignored
Stereotyping
the processing of creating stereotypes and matching them to people
