8

Question 1

What can tactics depend on

Answer 1

Condition and enviro cues

Question 2

H vs H

Answer 2

V-c/2

Question 3

H vs D

Answer 3

V

Question 4

D vs H

Answer 4

0

Question 5

D vs D

Answer 5

V/2

Question 6

If …. Pure hawk is ESS

Answer 6

V > c

Question 7

What happens if v

Answer 7

Means each strategy is best to fight other so no ESS which explains mixed pops here a mixed strategy may be sand ESS

Question 8

F*

Answer 8

Evolutionary stable equilibrium frequency

Question 9

V

Answer 9

Value of resource

Question 10

C

Answer 10

Cost of resource

Question 11

Hawk strat 1 and dove strat 2

Answer 11

Hawk - always escalates and retreats only if injured

Dove - retreats immediately if component escalates

Question 12

Average payoff playing Hawks is h = frequency of Hawks

Answer 12

H ( HvsH ) + 1-h ( HvsD)

Question 13

Average payoff for dove if h = freq if Hawks

Answer 13

H-1( DvsD) + h(DvsH)

Question 14

When is ESS wrt to average payoff

Answer 14

When average payoff playing dove = average payoff playing hawk

Question 15

Why is dove hawk game not realistic 4

Answer 15

In real life 
More than 2 strats 
Asymmetries occur 
--> fighting ability (strength/size) 
--> RHP resource holding potential 
--> experience and motivation

Question 16

What may evolve because hawk dove no realistic

Answer 16

Assessment strats
Ritualisation

Is crickets and red deer

Question 17

Other 2 models hawk dove

Answer 17

Bourgeois

Assessor

Question 18

Bourgeois

Answer 18

Maynard smith

Plays hawk if owner and dove if intruder

Question 19

Assessor

Answer 19

Lamar and enquist

Plays dove if weaker and hawk if stronger

Question 20

What cues can defending I’d fight or withdraw 3

Answer 20

Badges of status
Threat display
Injuries

Question 21

SAM

Answer 21

Decision based in info about opponent relative to self
Assessment of opponent
No matching behaviours needed
Escalation sequentially

Question 22

Sam contest duration

Answer 22

Correlates with RHO asymmetry between opponents and does not increase with mean opponent RHP

Question 23

SAM display characteristics

Answer 23

Non dangerous index symbols

But ritualistic fighting tactics

Question 24

Sam examples 2

Answer 24

Red deer -assess parallels walk and make roar rate this is correlated with opponents and usually occurred when no size dif

Similarly in jumping spiders escalation linked to body size as there is only correlation if little or no difference if big difference no escalation

Question 25

CAM decisions

Answer 25

Based on costs relating from own actions and inflicted by opponent No opponent assessment and no matching behaviours But escalation or descant ion avail ale WITHIN a phase

Question 26

CAM fight duration

Answer 26

Correlates with loser RHP AND winner RHP Duration does increase with mean opponent RHP

Question 27

Cam displays?

Answer 27

Yes and dangerous

Question 28

Define what an ESS is

Answer 28

Evolutionary stable strategy When adopted by most members of the population cannot be invaded by spread of a rare alternative

Question 29

CAM examples

Answer 29

Acheta domesticus Winner wight and loser weight explain the duration of agrees ion - best predictors Gryllus pennysylvanicus Stereotypic escalation is afresh in depends on size and winner sings Large make one 75% of fights and accumulating fighting costs were witnessed as fighting became more sever

Question 30

Get loud pennysylvanicus engagement ranks 5

Answer 30

``` Antennal fencing Mandibles spread unilaterally Then bilaterally Mandible engagement Grappling ```

Question 31

Ewoa decisions

Answer 31

Decisions based on costs from own actions and does require ENERGY MATCHING and escalation can be possible within phases

Question 32

Ewoa contest duration

Answer 32

Correlates with loser RHP and does increase with mean opponent RHP

Question 33

Ewoa display

Answer 33

Energetically costly grappling and handicap signals with forced matching

Question 34

Ewoa example

Answer 34

Dragonflies V territorial Arian display and retreats when runs out of energy therefore the winners have greater fat content and loser quit time depends on self assessment of fat

Question 35

Fatal fighting is trade off between

Answer 35

Present potential fatal fight for massive rewards Future survivorship and fecundity

Question 36

Fatal fighting prediction

Answer 36

Occurs in species with Hirt lifespans and few repor opportunities and studies therefore show mostly in Arthropods tha mammals Or wingless make ground fig wasps - f mate once so limited resource makes fight to death using horns

Question 37

2 examples fatal fight

Answer 37

Wingless make torymid wasps -fight to death using horns Ant queens in ladies Niger 7/16 fights had f dying after list fight