8 - Hazards, Pests and Diseases

Question 1

Give example of wine region that experiences drought

Answer 1

Argentina/Mendoza wine growing regions;
- 230mm average rainfall
- 80% of a plant’s annual water needs must be provided through irrigation
- Hot climate. average temperature of 21 degrees

Question 2

What is water needed by the vine

Answer 2

• act as a solvent for nutrients in the water
  
  • regulate temperature
  • aids photosynthesis
  • Turgid so it doesn’t wilt

Question 3

Give example of regions that experience winter freeze;

Answer 3

Lake Okanagan, Record temperatures -34 & 230m depth, Lake Ontario -27 245m depth larger surface area.
13th largest in the world.
Areas around Ontario experience more warming/moderation (7 degrees)

Question 4

give examples of vine species with winter hardiness

Answer 4

American Vitis labrusca Mongolian vine species (V. amurensis)
hybrids such as ei. Concord variety

Question 5

Give an example of a wine region with pre phylloxera vines

Answer 5

ei. Mount Etna has non grafted bush vines (on original rootstock) growing Nerello Mascalese

Question 6

What is the difference between fumigants and fenamiphos for nematode management?

Answer 6

Fenamiphos’s mode of action is systemic, relying on absorption and translocation within the plant. Fumigants, in contrast, rely on volatility and gaseous dispersal within the soil.

Question 7

What are the average losses for Australian and Californian production for root knot nematodes?

Answer 7

• Australian viticultural industries lose 7% of production to nematodes.
• In California the losses estimated from root-knot nematodes alone are even higher, at about 20% of production

Question 8

What is the difference between Arachnids and Insects?

Answer 8

Insects have six legs, while arachnids have eight
Insects have wings and antennae, while arachnids have neither.