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Computer Science AS > 8. Operating System > Flashcards

8. Operating System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the read only file attribute?

A

Files that can only be open and read, no changes can be made.

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2
Q

What is the archive file attribute?

A

Files that are not regularly used are archived, in case they are needed in the future.

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3
Q

What is the system file attribute?

A

Files that are only used by the OS and not the user.

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4
Q

What is the hidden file attribute?

A

Files that are not visible to the user, often being important system files.

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5
Q

What are some examples of utility software?

A
  • compression
  • defrag
  • backup
  • file conversion
  • file indexing
  • task management
  • anti virus
  • disk scan and repair
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6
Q

What is compression software?

A

Reduces file sizes so that they take up less space

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7
Q

What is defragmentation software?

A

Physically rearranges data on a hard drive so that parts of files are all stored together

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8
Q

What is anti-virus software?

A

Scans for viruses and deals with them appropriately if found

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9
Q

What is backup software?

A

Allows users to keep a copy of their data in case the original data is somehow lost

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10
Q

What is file conversion software?

A

Converts one type of file to another, for example a sound file can be converted from WAV to MP3

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11
Q

What is file indexing software?

A

Assigns an index to files to allow easy random access to any record given its file key

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12
Q

What is disk scan and repair software?

A

Fixes problems on the disk

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13
Q

What is task management software?

A

Allows user to view how much % of memory is being used and allows user to shut down any programs

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14
Q

What is batch processing?

A
  • processes are carried out with no user interaction
  • avoids peak times
  • errors are stored in a file for later use and not dealt with as they occur

example: generating utility bills

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15
Q

What is real-time processing?

A
  • inputs are processed very quickly
  • processing needs to be quick enough to deliver output on time
  • outputs need to be adjusted accordingly so accidents can be avoided

example: reactor temperature control in a nuclear power station

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16
Q

What is real-time transaction processing?

A
  • a user submits an input and the record is updated very quickly
  • the record is locked during the update

example: booking seats at a theatre

17
Q

What are the advantages of a GUI?

A
  • intuitive
  • easy to navigate for non-specialised users
  • uses windows, icons and menus
  • no need to learn text commands
  • no need to be a proficient typist
18
Q

What are the disadvantages of a GUI?

A
  • requires a lot of memory
  • is processor intensive
  • take up a large amount of disk space
  • could be inefficient for experienced users
19
Q

What are the advantages of a CLI?

A
  • efficient for experienced users as it is quicker to type commands
  • shortcut keys can be used to input commands
  • little memory and processing power required
20
Q

What are the disadvantages of a CLI?

A
  • confusing for inexperienced users
  • commands have to be typed precisely
  • a large number of commands need to be learned
21
Q

What are the advantages of having a hierarchal structure of a directory?

A
  • more convenient to find and access files
  • stores related files in a logical way in the same order
  • can use the same file name in different directories
  • shows the path to a file
22
Q

How does the processor multitask?

A

It allocates a small amount of time to each process and cycles between them. As this happens so quickly, it appears as though they are happening simultaneously.

23
Q

How does the operating system manage resources?

A
  • communicates with and sends data to output devices
  • communicates with and receives data from input devices
  • manages network communication
  • manages backing store by ensuring that data is stored and can be retrieved correctly from any disk drive
  • creates and maintains a filing system
  • organises files in a hierarchical structure
  • manages RAM by ensuring there is enough memory for all programs and that each program has enough memory allocated
  • offers compression whish saves space
24
Q

How does the operating system provide an interface?

A
  • provides a user interface with meaningful icons, dropdown menus and avoids text input
  • can provide CLI
  • allows customisation of the interface
  • allows access to system settings
  • allows copying, deleting and moving of files
  • allows creation of shortcuts
  • controls security using passwords and access permissions
  • provides users with warning and help messages
  • allows user to have more than one window open

Computer Science AS (18 decks)

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