[8] PRELIMS | PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Question 1

Covers majority of a person’s health needs, promotion, prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, palliation from birth to the final days of life

Answer 1

Primary Health Care

Question 2

BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS

World Health Assembly passed a resolution WHA 30.43 which started the Health-for-All movement

Answer 2

1977

Question 3

BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS

Health leaders from 200 countries attended the **International Conference for Primary Health Care **(Alma Ata, USSR) initiated by WHO and UNICEF and made Alma Ata Declaration

Answer 3

September 6-12, 1978

Question 4

BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS

World Health Assembly launched the “Global Strategy for Health for All.”

Answer 4

1979

Question 5

BRIEF HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS

The “Global Strategy for Health for All” was adopted by the 34th World Health Assembly

Answer 5

1981

Question 6

BASIS HISTORY / LEGAL BASIS

Pres. Ferdinand Marcos issued the LOI No. 949 which mandated the MOH to adopt PHC as an approach to the development & implementation of programs which focus on health development, at community level

Answer 6

October 19, 1979

Question 7

DOH act as the leader in the promotion of ____ in the country

Answer 7

PHC

Question 8

ALMA ATA DECLARATION ON PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

1. Health is a ____.
2. There exists global burden of ____ among populations
3. ____ is of basic importance for the full attainment of health for all
4. ____ have a responsibility for the health of their people

Answer 8

1. Health is a basic fundamental right.
2. There exists global burden of health inequalities among populations
3. Economic and social development is of basic importance for the full attainment of health for all
4. Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people

Question 9

GOAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Answer 9

“ Health for all by the year 2000”

Question 10

OBJECTIVES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

• Improvement in the (1) ____ of the community
• Favorable (2) ____.
• Reduction in (3) ____ especially among infants & children.
• Reduction in the prevalence of (4) ____.
• Extension of (5) ____ with priority given to underserved sectors.
• Improvement in (6) ____.
• Development of the capability of the community aimed at (7) ____.
• Maximization of the contribution of all sectors other than health to the (8) ____ of the community.

Answer 10

(1) level of health
(2) population growth & structure
(3) morbidity & mortality rates
(4) preventable, communicable & other diseases
(5) essential health services
(6) basic sanitation
(7) self-reliance
(8) social & economic development

Question 11

ELEMENTS OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE (WHO)

1. Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (____)
2. Organizing health services around people’s needs and expectations (____)
3. Integrating health into all sectors (____)
4. Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (____)
5. Increasing ____

Answer 11

1. Reducing exclusion and social disparities in health (universal coverage )
2. Organizing health services around people’s needs and expectations (health service reforms)
3. Integrating health into all sectors (public policy reforms)
4. Pursuing collaborative models of policy dialogue (leadership reforms)
5. Increasing stakeholder participation

Question 12

ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

E - ____
L - ____
E - ____
M - ____
E - ____
N - ____
T - ____
S - ____

Answer 12

E - Education for health
L - Locally endemic disease control
E - Expanded program for immunization
M - Maternal and Child Health including responsible parenthood
E - Essential drugs
N - Nutrition
T - Treatment of Communicable and Noncommunicable diseases
S - Safe water and sanitation

Question 13

PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

• A____
  
  • S____
  • M____
  • C____
  • E____
  • A____

Answer 13

• Accessibility , affordability, acceptability, and availability
• Support mechanisms
• Multisectoral Approach
• Community Participation
• Equitable distribution of health resources
• Appropriate Technology

Question 14

4 As of PHC

Answer 14

• Accessibility
• Affordability
• Acceptability
• Availability

Question 15

• Health care facilities must be within (1) ____ from the communities
• Out of pocket expenses for health care. In the Philippines, govt health insurance is covered through (2) ____
• Health care in consonance with (3) ____
• (4) ____ are provided regularly

Answer 15

(1) 30 minutes
(2) PhilHealth
(3) culture and traditions
(4) Basic health services

Question 16

SUPPORT MECHANISM

Resources for essential health services come from 3 major entities :
1. ____
2. ____
3. ____

Answer 16

1. people
2. government
3. private sector - NGOs, socio-civic, faith groups

Question 17

Primary health care requires communication, cooperation, and collaboration within and among various sectors

Answer 17

Multisectoral Approach

Question 18

Educational and empowering process in which people, in partnership with those who are able to assist them, identify the problems and the needs and increasingly assume responsibilities themselves to plan, manage, control, and assess the collective actions that are proved necessary.

Answer 18

Community Participation

Question 19

Primary health care is community-based and preventive in orientation. It calls for an inventory and analysis of health resources, facilities, and manpower

Answer 19

Equitable Distribution of Health Resources

Question 20

• Technology that is suitable to the community that will use it.
• Also known as people’s technology and indigenous technology

Answer 20

Appropriate Technology

Question 21

COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

GOAL

Answer 21

• Traditional - Absence of Disease
• Primary Health Care - Development & preventive health care

Question 22

COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

FOCUS OF CARE

Answer 22

• Traditional - Sick
• Primary Health Care - Well and Early Sick

Question 23

COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

SETTING FOR SERVICES

Answer 23

• Traditional - Urban-based hospitals, clinics, & homes (accessible to few)
• Primary Health Care - Rural-based in satellite clinics, community health centers (health posts are accessible)

Question 24

COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

PEOPLE

Answer 24

• Traditional - Passive recipient of care
• Primary Health Care - Active participant

Question 25

# COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE **PROCESS**

Answer 25

* **Traditional** - Decision making from top to down * **Primary Health Care** - Decision making from bottom to up

Question 26

# COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE **STRUCTURE**

Answer 26

* **Traditional** - Health isolated from other sectors * **Primary Health Care** - Health is an integral part of the socio-economic development system

Question 27

# COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE **TECHNOLOGY**

Answer 27

* **Traditional** - Curative- based on modern medicine and sophisticated technology (*doctor-dominated*) * **Primary Health Care** - Promotive and preventive- blending traditional with modern medicine. Acceptance of indigenous practitioners (*appropriate technology frontline of care*)

Question 28

# COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE **OUTCOME**

Answer 28

* **Traditional** - Reliance on health professionals * **Primary Health Care** - Local self-reliance Socially and economically productive (*self-help*)

Question 29

# GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON PRIMARY HEALTH CARE “Reaffirming the commitments expressed in the ambitious and visionary (1) ____ and ____, in pursuit of Health for All ” - (2) ____

Answer 29

“Reaffirming the commitments expressed in the ambitious and visionary **(1) Declaration of Alma-Ata of 1978 & the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development**, in pursuit of Health for All ” - **(2) Astana, Kazakhstan (October 25-26, 2018)**

Question 29

# VISION OF ASTANA, 2018 **A.** Governments & societies that (1) ____, at both population & individual levels, through strong health systems; **B.** PHC & health services that are (2) ____ for everyone & everywhere, provided with compassion, respect & dignity by health professionals who are well-trained, skilled, motivated & committed;

Answer 29

**A.** Governments & societies that **(1) prioritize, promote & protect people’s health & well-being**, at both population & individual levels, through strong health systems; **B.** PHC & health services that are **(2) high quality, safe, comprehensive, integrated, accessible, available & affordable** for everyone & everywhere, provided with compassion, respect & dignity by health professionals who are well-trained, skilled, motivated & committed;

Question 30

# DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018 **II.** (1) ____ is the most inclusive, effective & efficient approach to enhance people’s physical & mental health, as well as social well-being PHC is a cornerstone of a (2) ____ & health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Answer 30

**II.** **(1) Strengthening PHC** is the most inclusive, effective & efficient approach to enhance people’s physical & mental health, as well as social well-being PHC is a cornerstone of a **(2) sustainable health system for universal health coverage (UHC)** & health-related SustainableDevelopment Goals

Question 30

# DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018 **I.** Commitment to fundamental right of every human being to the enjoyment of the (1) ____ without distinction of any kind Importance of health for (2) ____.

Answer 30

**I.** Commitment to fundamental right of every human being to the enjoyment of the **(1) highest attainable standard of health** without distinction of any kind Importance of health for **(2) peace, security & socioeconomic development, & their interdependence**

Question 30

# VISION OF ASTANA, 2018 **C.** Enabling & health-conducive environments in which individuals & communities are empowered & engaged in (1) ____; **D.** Partners & stakeholders aligned in providing effective support to (2) ____

Answer 30

**C.** Enabling & health-conducive environments in which individuals & communities are empowered & engaged in **(1) maintaining & enhancing their health & well-being**; **D.** Partners & stakeholders aligned in providing effective support to **(2) national health policies, strategies & plans**

Question 31

# DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018 **III.** People in all parts of the world still have unaddressed health needs. Address the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases, which lead to poor health & premature deaths due to (1) ____. (2) ____ must be accessible to all.

Answer 31

**III.** People in all parts of the world still have unaddressed health needs. Address the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases, which lead to poor health & premature deaths due to **(1) tobacco use, the harmful use of alcohol, unhealthy lifestyles & behaviours, & insufficient physical activity & unhealthy diets**. **(2) Promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative services & palliative care** must be accessible to all.

Question 31

# DECLARATION OF ASTANA, 2018 **IV.** Reaffirm the (1)____ at all levels in promoting and protecting the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health. **V.** Build (2) ____. Strengthen health systems by investing in PHC

Answer 31

**IV.** Reaffirm the **(1) primary role & responsibility of Governments** at all levels in promoting and protecting the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health. **V.** Build **sustainable primary health care**. Strengthen health systems by investing in PHC