80 + 81 Pediatric Neurology

Question 1

Amblyopia

• What is this?
• Can it be corrected right away?

Answer 1

Question 2

Amblyopia

• What are the 3 causes of unilateral Amblyopia?

Answer 2

Question 3

Amblyopia

• How is this usually corrected?

Answer 3

Question 4

Amblyopia

• When is the sensitivity period for Amblyopia?
• What does this suggest about vidual improvement?
• How common is this in North America?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is this?

Answer 5

Orbital Cellulitis

Question 6

Amblyopia

• What is used to detect Amblyopia?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is this?

Answer 7

Strabismus

Question 8

Strabismus

• What is this defined as?
• What is horizontal strabismus called?
• What is vertical strabismus called?
• What is it the leading cause of?

Answer 8

Question 9

Strabismus

• Exotropia
  
  • Is this an outward or inward turning of the eye?
  • When does it usually occur?

Answer 9

Question 10

Strabismus

• How common is this in the US?
• What is accommodative esotropia?
  
  • How common is this?

Answer 10

Question 11

Pseudostrabismus

• What are the 2 reasons that children can have this?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is this?

Answer 12

Orbital Cellulitis

Question 13

• What is this?
• What would a CT show?

Answer 13

Question 14

Potts Puffy Tumor

• What is this defined as?
• What will a CT show?

Answer 14

Question 15

Migraines

• Who gets this more; males or females?
• What is a prodrome?
  
  • When does it occur?
  • What is an aura?
• What do the pateints experience?
• What are the red flags?

Answer 15

Question 16

Migraines

• How do you treat this?

Answer 16

Question 17

Brain tumors in children

• How common is this?
• How common is death?
• What is the most common type?

Answer 17

Question 18

Brain tumors in children

• How do these clinically manifest? (3)

Answer 18

Question 19

Brain tumors in children

• What is the triad?
• What is torticollis?
• How does this affect gait? Vision?

Answer 19

Question 20

Febrile Seizures

• What will patients have?
• What will they NOT have?
• When do most of these occur? (age, time related to fever)
• What will some patients have a history of?
• What are the risk factors for this? (4)
• What is the prognosis like?

Answer 20

Question 21

Febrile Seizure

• Differentiate between simple and complex?
• How will a complex febrile seizure present?
• How often does recurrence before the age of 6?
• How does epilepsy relate to this?
• What can cause the fever (6)

Answer 21

Question 22

Febrile Seizures

• What is NOT indicated in the treatment for this?
• How does acetaminophen and ibuprofen use relate to the treatment of this?

Answer 22

Question 23

Infantile Botulism

• What does the toxin inhibit?
• When is this most common in life?
• What history do patients usually have?
• What are the manifestations of this?
• What kind of paralysis occurs?

Answer 23

Question 24

Infantile Botulism

• Are these bacteria gram negative or positive?
• How long is the incubation period?
• Where in the US is this most common?

Answer 24

Question 25

Non Accidental Trauma * What are the 6 radiologic red flags?

Answer 25

Question 26

Non Accidental Trauma * What age will children start to have tru-self imposed injurtes?

Answer 26

Question 27

Non Accidental Trauma * Shaken Baby Syndrome (Abusive Head Trauma) * What kind of hemorrhages occurs? * How often does this Shaken Baby Syndrome in child abuse cases?

Answer 27

Question 28

Non Accidental Trauma * What is this? * What do you consider NAT with it?

Answer 28

Question 29

Tourette Disorder * What are the 4 things that a Dx for Tourette Disorder?

Answer 29

Question 30

Tic Disorders * What are the criteria for Persistent (chronic) Tic Disorders? (5) * What do you need to specify?

Answer 30

Question 31

Tic Disorders * What disorders may have tics in them?

Answer 31

Question 32

Tic Disorders * What is the criteria for provisional Tic Disorders? (5)

Answer 32

Question 33

Tic Disorders * Differentiate between simple motor and complex motor tics? * What can trigger tics? * What should be on your differential dx when considering if a patient has Tic Disorders?

Answer 33

Question 34

Tics and Tourrettes * Clinical Course * When do patients get this? (Boys, Girls, PEak severity) * Differentiate between simple vocal and complex vocal tics? * Why do we think patients have tics?

Answer 34

Question 35

Partial Arousal Parasomnias * What happens to these patients? * When does it occur in life? * When do symptoms occur at night? * Why may patients have this? * How can patients help children who have this? * What medications are used when this becomes serious?

Answer 35

Question 36

Breath-Holding Spells * What should parents do? * What can this lead to?

Answer 36

Question 37

Sydenham Chorea * What is another name for this? * What condition occurs with about 10 to 20% of cases? * When usually occurs about a month before this? * What sex is affected most? * What age? * What history can a patient have? * What part of the brain is affected?

Answer 37

Question 38

What is this? What can it cause?

Answer 38

Question 39

Sydenham Chorea * What are the clinical hallmarks of this? (3) * What can help confirm an acute strep infection? * Can this exclude the Dx? * What do you give for longterm antibiotic prophylaxis?

Answer 39

Question 40

Sydenham Chorea * What is used because if its anti-dopamine effects? * What ADR does this have? * What medications are used to control movements? * What immunomodulatory interventions occur?

Answer 40

Question 41

Guillain-Barre Syndrome * What is this? * Is it mainly motor or sensory? * Who does this effect? * What cells are affected? * What happens before paralysis sets in? * What bacteria in the GI tract can cause this? * The respiratory tract? * What food can cause this? * What are the viral causes of this? * What vaccines are associated with this?

Answer 41

Question 42

Guillain-Barre Syndrome * What are the inital symptoms? * Where does weakness begin? * What kind of paralysis occurs? * What mood are the children who have this in?

Answer 42

Question 43

Neurofibromatosis * Type 1 * What appears on the skin of these patients?

Answer 43

Question 44

Neurofibromatosis * Type 1 * What complications arise from this?

Answer 44

Question 45

Tay Sachs Sialidosis * What group of people get this? * What gene/enzyme is affected? * When do patients get this? * How do they present? * What is seen in the eyes of patients?

Answer 45

Question 46

Sturge-Weber Syndrome * What gene is implicated? * What kind of vascular growth occurs? * When do seizures occur? * Relative the port wine birthmark * What part of the brain is affected? * Where do convulsions occur? * Where does hemiparesis occur?

Answer 46

Question 47

Sturge-Weber Syndrome * Type 1 * How common is this? * What kind of angiomas occurs? * What happens to the eyes? * When do seizures occur? * What happens to the cognitive/physical development?

Answer 47

Question 48

Sturge-Weber Syndrome * Type 2 * What kind of angioma is seen? * What happens to the eye? * What is NOT seen?

Answer 48

Question 49

Sturge-Weber Syndrome * Type 3 * What kind of angioma is seen? * What is NOT seen? * How do you ID this?

Answer 49

Question 50

Define these types of cerebral palsy

Answer 50

Question 51

Spastic Cerebral Palsy * What is affected spastic CP? * How common is this?

Answer 51

Question 52

Cerebral Palsy * Dyskinetic CP * What happens in this? * Ataxic CP * What happens in this? * Causes of CP? (5)

Answer 52

Question 53

Cerebral Palsy * What are the risk factors? * What are the signs and symptoms?

Answer 53