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ATPL Meteorology > Wind > Flashcards

Wind Flashcards

1
Q

What is wind velocity and how is it expressed?

A

It is a vector quantity.

It is expressed in magnitude and direction

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2
Q

What height is wind velocity measured and over what average time?

A

10M and 10 minutes

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3
Q

Define a GUST

A

A SUDDEN increase in wind speed lasting a short time and dying away suddenly

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4
Q

Define a SQUALL

A

A sudden increase in wind speed of at 16KTS OR MORE lasting at least 1 MINUTE and reaching a TOP SPEED OF 22KTS

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5
Q

When wind direction changes CLOCKWISE it is said to BACK or VEER?

A

VEER

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6
Q

When wind direction changes ANTICLOCKWISE it is said to BACK or VEER?

A

BACK

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7
Q

Where is the Coriolis force greatest?

A

The poles

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8
Q

What direction does a low pressure system rotate in the Southern Hemisphere?

A

Clockwise

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9
Q

Summarise Buys Ballots law:

A

An observer standing his back to the wind in the Southern Hemisphere the LOW pressure region will be on the RIGHT and the HIGH pressure region will be on the LEFT

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10
Q

Summarise the EQUATORIAL TROUGH

A
  1. Air contact with earths surface over equator warms and rises = large scale convection
  2. The rising air creates an area of low pressure known as the EQUATORIAL TROUGH
  3. This region also known as the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) or the Doldrums
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11
Q

Summarise the SUB TROPICAL RIDGE

A
  1. Convective air from equator moves towards poles at higher levels and COOLS
  2. The air descends and forms a belt of high pressure known as the SUB TROPICAL RIDGE
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12
Q

Summarise the SUB POLAR LOW

A
  1. Over the poles the dense air results in the region known as the polar high
  2. This air moves out and converges with air flowing out of the subtropical ridge
  3. When they converge they rise and form a belt of low pressure known as the SUB POLAR LOW
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13
Q

Summarise the NORTHWEST MONSOON

A
  1. During summer in the Southern Hemisphere the equatorial trough moves south to low across northern Australia.
  2. As a result Australia is influenced by a north westerly air steam due to the air flowing towards equatorial trough crosses equator and is deflected LEFT due to CORIOLIS FORCE
  3. Wet season in northern Aus
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14
Q

Summarise the SOUTH EAST TRADE WINDS

A
  1. Wind blowing from the subtropical ridge towards equator during winter months
  2. Cloud development limited in the south east trades to to large scale subsidence inversion
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15
Q

Summarise the ROARING 40’s

A
  1. 40 deg S latitude
  2. Air flowing FROM the SUB TROPICAL RIDGE towards the SUB POLAR LOW
  3. NORTH WESTERLY DIRECTION due to Coriolis deflection
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16
Q

Gradient Wind follows …… isobars when Coriolis force matches the gradient force

A

CURVED

17
Q

GEOSTRAPHIC FLOW follows …….. isobars when the forces are matched

A

STRAIGHT

18
Q

The surface wind around an area of low pressure in the Southern Hemisphere blows:

A. Clockwise and outwards
B. Anti clockwise and inwards
C. Clockwise and inwards
D. Anti clockwise and outwards

A

C. Clockwise and inwards

19
Q

If the forecast wins is 030M/20KT, it will blow:

A. From 030M
B. To 030T
C. From 030T
D. To 030M

A

C. From 030T

20
Q

When flying towards a low in the Southern Hemisphere, an aircraft would experience:

A. Left drift
B. Right drift
C. Head winds
D. Tail winds

A

A. Left drift

21
Q

What is the depth of the FRICTION LAYER?

A

3000FT

22
Q

How much is wind speed reduced over land in the friction layer?

A

2/3rd’s

23
Q

How much is wind speed reduced over water in the friction layer?

A

1/3rd

24
Q

How does wind flow above the friction layer?

A

Wind tends to flow parallel to isobars (gradient wind)

25
Q

How does wind flow below the friction layer?

A

Wind tends to cross isobars toward low pressure
VEERS
1. 30 degrees over land
2. 10 degrees over water

ATPL Meteorology (14 decks)

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