Chapter 2: Human Anatomy

Question 1

Coracobrachialis

Answer 1

Flexes gleno-humeral joint (shoulder joint). Brings the arm forward

Question 2

Brachialis

Answer 2

Flexes elbow in any position

Question 3

Biceps Brachii

Answer 3

Flexes shoulder and elbow and supinates arm. This muscle can also bring the arm forward

Question 4

Brachioradialis

Answer 4

Flexes elbow while the forearm is in a semi-pronated position (thumb up, palm face towards the body - think hammer curls)

Question 5

Triceps brachii

Answer 5

Extends the gleno-humeral (shoulder) and elbow joints

Question 6

Adductors

Answer 6

Adduct the hip joint. They get worked well during squats and lunges as they stabilize the hip joint

Question 7

Iliopsoas

Answer 7

Main hip flexor enables flexion and external rotation of the hip

Question 8

Gluteus maximus

Answer 8

Extends hip and slightly externally rotates hip

Question 9

Gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 9

Hip abduction and medial rotation

Question 10

Quadriceps Femoris - QF group

Answer 10

Quadriceps Femoris: flexes the hip and extends the knee joint
Rectus Femoris: the only quadriceps femoris muscle that crosses the hip as well as the knee

Question 11

Vastus group

Answer 11

Part of the QF group. Only crosses the knee. Extend the knee joint

Question 12

Hamstrings

Answer 12

Crosses the hip and knee. Responsible for extension of the hip and flexion of the knee

Question 13

Tibialis anterior

Answer 13

Performs dorsi flexion and inversion of the ankle joint

Question 14

Gastrocnemius

Answer 14

Perfoms plantar flexion of the ankle and assists with knee flexion

Question 15

Soleus

Answer 15

Only crosses one joint, the ankle, and can only perform plantar flexion of the ankle (when seated)

Question 16

Peroneus longus

Answer 16

Everts the sub-talar joint (ankle). Eversion is to pull the outside ankle bone upward as the foot rolls inward

Question 17

Transverse abdominus

Answer 17

Deepest layer of the abdominals. Covers the entire abdomen and is involved in posture, giving birth, exhalation and spine stability

Question 18

Rectus abdominus

Answer 18

Flexion of the spine and posterior pelvic tilt

Question 19

Obliques

Answer 19

Flexion and rotation of the spine

Question 20

Spinal erectors

Answer 20

Extend the spine and keeps it erect. Run down the entire length of the spine in the back

Question 21

Pectoralis minor

Answer 21

• Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it down and forward into the thoracic wall (rib cage)
• Downward rotation of the scapula and depression of the shoulder
• Lifts the ribs to aid in respiration

Question 22

Pectoralis major

Answer 22

• Adduction (pulling the arm downward and inward)
• Medial rotation (turning the arm in toward the body)
• Forward and horizontal flexion of shoulder joint (pulling the arm forward and across the body)

Question 23

Serratus anterior

Answer 23

• Back muscle that attaches to the anterior portion of the scapula
• Fixes the scapula in place
• Prime mover in abduction and upward rotation of the shoulder girdle, as well as pushing and punching movements

Question 24

Superior trapezius

Answer 24

Pulls the head back & to the side, and aids in elevating the scapula (as in in shoulder shrugs)

Question 25

Inferior trapezius

Answer 25

Responsible for retraction of scapula and helps prevent rounded shoulder. It also depresses the scapula

Question 26

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 26

• Medial rotation (rotates arms down and inward)
• Extension of shoulder (pulls humerus back)
• Prime mover for adduction of the arm

Question 27

Rhomboids

Answer 27

Cause retraction and upward rotation of the scapula and are involved in most back exercises such as bent-over dumbbell raise, a row or lat pull downs (anytime the scapulae are moved together, the rhomboids are assisting with that action)

Question 28

Sagittal plane

Answer 28

Divides the body into right and left parts

Question 29

Frontal plane

Answer 29

Divides the body into front and back portions

Question 30

Transverse plane

Answer 30

Divides the body into upper and lower portions

Question 31

Fascia

Answer 31

Densely woven, specialized connective tissue that covers and unites all of the body’s compartments