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A - MSRA - Dermatology [3] > Dermatology Management > Flashcards

Dermatology Management Flashcards

1
Q

How can treatment modalities for dermatology be broadly categorised?

A
  • Medical therapy

- Physical therapy

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2
Q

How can medical therapy in dermatology be further categorised?

A
  • Topical

- Systemic

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3
Q

What are the types of physical dermatology treatments?

A
  • Cryotherapy
  • Phototherapy
  • Photodynamic therapy
  • Lasers
  • Surgery
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4
Q

How do topical dermatological therapies work?

A

Deliver treatment directly to the affected areas

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5
Q

What is the advantage of topical therapies?

A

Reduces the systemic side-effects

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6
Q

What conditions are topical therapies suitable for?

A

Localised and less severe skin conditions

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7
Q

What do topical therapies consist of?

A
  • Active constituents

- Base

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8
Q

What is the role of the base in topical therapies?

A

Transport the active constituents into the skin

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9
Q

What are some examples of active constituents in dermatological topical therapies?

A
  • Steroids
  • Tar
  • Immunomodulators
  • Retinoids
  • Antibiotics
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10
Q

What are the common forms of base used in topical therapies?

A
  • Lotion
  • Cream
  • Gel
  • Ointment
  • Paste
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11
Q

What is a lotion?

A

A liquid

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12
Q

What is a cream?

A

Oil in water

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13
Q

What is a gel?

A

Organic polymers in liquid - transparent

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14
Q

What is an ointment?

A

Oil with little to no water

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15
Q

What is a paste?

A

Powder in an ointment

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16
Q

When are systemic therapies preferred in dermatology?

A
  • Extensive disease
  • Serious disease
  • Systemic involvement
  • Topical treatment failure
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17
Q

What is the main disadvantage of systemic therapies?

A

Can cause systemic side-effects

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18
Q

What are the most common medical therapies used in dermatology?

A
  • Emollients
  • Topical/oral steroids
  • Oral aciclovir
  • Oral antihistamines
  • Topical/oral antibiotics
  • Topical antiseptics
  • Oral retinoids
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19
Q

What is the aim of emollients?

A

Rehydrate the skin and re-establish the surface lipid layer

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20
Q

When are emollients used?

A

Dry, scaling conditions and as soap substitutes

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21
Q

What are some examples of emollients?

A
  • Aqueous cream
  • Emulsifying ointment
  • Liquid paraffin
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22
Q

What are the potential side-effects of emollients?

A

Irritant or allergic reactions

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23
Q

What are the aims of steroids in dermatology?

A

Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects

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24
Q

What conditions can steroids be used for in dermatology?

A
  • Allergic and immune reactions
  • Inflammatory skin conditions
  • Blistering disorders
  • Connective tissue diseases
  • Vasculitis
25
Q

What types of steroids are used in dermatology?

A
  • Topical

- Oral

26
Q

How are topical steroids classified?

A

By their potency

27
Q

What are the different potencies of topical steroids?

A
  • Mildly potent
  • Moderately potent
  • Potent
  • Very potent
28
Q

What is a mildly potent topical steroid?

A

Hydrocortisone

29
Q

What is a moderately potent topical steroid?

A

Eumovate

30
Q

What is a potent topical steroid?

A

Betnovate

31
Q

What is a very potent topical steroid?

A

Dermovate

32
Q

What is an example of an oral steroid?

A

Prednisolone

33
Q

What are the local side-effects of topical steroids?

A
  • Skin thinning (atrophy)
  • Telangiectasia
  • Striae
  • Skin infections
  • Acne
  • Perioral and allergic contact dermatitis
34
Q

What are the systemic side-effects of steroids?

A
  • Cushing’s syndrome
  • Immunosuppression
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Osteoporosis
  • Cataract
  • Steroid-induced psychosis
35
Q

What are the indications of oral aciclovir?

A

Viral infections due to herpes simplex and herpes zoster

36
Q

What are the side-effects of oral aciclovir?

A
  • GI upset
  • Raised liver enzymes
  • Reversible neurological reactions
  • Haematological disorders
37
Q

What are the uses of oral antihistamines?

A
  • Type-1 hypersensitivity reactions

- Eczema (especially sedative type in children)

38
Q

How do oral antihistamines work?

A

Block histamine receptors producing an anti-pruritic effect

39
Q

How can oral antihistamines be classified?

A
  • Sedative

- Nonsedative

40
Q

What are some examples of sedative oral antihistamines?

A
  • Chlorpheniramine

- Hydroxyzine

41
Q

What are some examples of nonsedative oral antihistamines?

A
  • Cetirizine

- Loratidine

42
Q

What are the side-effects of sedative antihistamines?

A
  • Sedation

- Anticholinergic effects

43
Q

What are some examples of anticholinergic effects caused by sedative antihistamines?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Urinary retention
  • Constipation
44
Q

What are topical/oral antibiotics used for in dermatology?

A
  • Bacterial skin conditions

- Acne

45
Q

What are some examples of topical antibiotics?

A
  • Fusidic acid
  • Mupirocin
  • Neomycin
46
Q

What are some examples of oral antibiotics?

A
  • Penicillins
  • Cephalosporins
  • Gentamicin
  • Macrolides
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Quinolones
  • Tetracyclines
  • Vancomycin
  • Metronidazole
  • Trimethoprim
47
Q

What are the side-effects of topical antibiotics?

A

Local skin irritation/allergy

48
Q

What are the potential side-effects of oral antibiotics?

A
  • GI upset
  • Rashes
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Vaginal candidiasis
  • C. diff
  • Antibiotic resistance
49
Q

What are the indications of topical antiseptics?

A

Treat and prevent skin infection

50
Q

What are some examples of topical antiseptics?

A
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Cetrimide
  • Povidone-iodine
51
Q

What are the potential side-effects of topical antiseptics?

A

Local skin irritation/allergy

52
Q

What are the indications for oral retinoids?

A
  • Acne
  • Psoriasis
  • Disorders of keratinisation
53
Q

What are the side-effects of oral retinoids?

A
  • Mucocutaneous reactions
  • Disordered liver function
  • Hypercholesterolaemia
  • Hypertriglyceridaemia
  • Myalgia
  • Arthralgia
  • Depression
  • Teratogenicity
54
Q

What are the mucocutaneous side-effects of oral retinoids?

A
  • Dry skin
  • Dry eyes
  • Dry lips
55
Q

What precautions must be taken when prescribing oral retinoids?

A

Effective contraception

56
Q

What are some examples of oral retinoids?

A
  • Isotretinoin

- Acitretin

57
Q

How long must effective contraception be used in isotretinoin?

A
  • One month before
  • During
  • One month after
58
Q

How long must effective contraception . be used in acitretin?

A
  • One month before
  • During
  • 2 years after

A - MSRA - Dermatology [3] (28 decks)

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