SLT Theory

Question 1

The Learning Approach: Social Learning Theory

Answer 1

A way of explaining behaviour that includes both direct and indirect reinforcement, combining learning theory with the role of cognitive factors.

Question 2

Assumptions of SLT

Answer 2

Bandura agreed with the behaviourists but his SLT proposed that people learn through observation and imitation of others within a social context. Suggests that learning happens directly, through classical and operant conditioning, but also indirectly.

Question 3

Imitation

Answer 3

Copying the behaviour of others.

Question 4

Identification

Answer 4

When an observe associates themselves with a role model and wants to be like the role model.

Question 5

Modelling

Answer 5

From the observer’s perspective, modelling is imitating the behaviour of a role model. From the role model’s perspective, modelling is the precise demonstration of a specific behaviour that may be imitated by the observer.

Question 6

Vicarious Reinforcement

Answer 6

Reinforcement which is not directly experienced but occurs through observing someone else being reinforced for a behaviour. Key factor in imitation.

Question 7

Mediational Processes

Answer 7

Cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response. (i.e. attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation).

Question 8

Bandura et al. (1961)

Answer 8

Recorded behaviour of young children who watched an adult behave in an aggressive way towards a Bobo doll. Children were later observed playing with toys, including a Bobo doll. They behaved much more aggressively towards the doll and the other toys than those who observed a non-aggressive adult.

Question 9

SLT Applications

Answer 9

Why children with abusive parents grow up to be abusive. People may learn how to be aggressive or a criminal from others. Learning from others ‘boy and girl’ behaviour.

Question 10

Role Models

Answer 10

A person who carries out an attitude or behaviour to be learned. Become this when they are seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer are attractive or of a higher status. Role models can be: live (actually present in our environment) or symbolic (present in the media).

Question 11

Motivation

Answer 11

The will or desire to perform the behaviour (usually linked to vicarious reinforcement).

Question 12

Attention

Answer 12

Noticing and paying attention to the behaviour of the person they want to imitate.

Question 13

Retention

Answer 13

Remembering the behaviour so that they can do the same.

Question 14

Reproduction

Answer 14

Consideration of our own ability to perform the behaviour.