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Sam's Human Gross Anatomy > 4.5 Larynx, Pharynx, And Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

4.5 Larynx, Pharynx, And Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the larynx located

A

Anterior neck at level of C3-C6

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2
Q

The larynx is designed for

A

Voice production

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3
Q

The larynx connects

A

The pharynx with the trachea

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4
Q

The larynx guards air passages and

A

Maintains a patent airway

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5
Q

The skeleton of the larynx is made up of

A

The hyoid bone and nine cartilages

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6
Q

What are the nine cartilages of the larynx

A 
Thyroid 
Cricoid 
Epiglottis 
2 arytenoid 
2 corniculate 
2 cuneiform
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7
Q

Passively folds over opening of larynx during swallowing

A

Epiglottis

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8
Q

What three ways can arytenoid cartilages move vocal ligaments

A

Sliding on transverse axis
Sliding on anteroposterior axis
Rotating

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9
Q

When the arytenoid cartilages slide together the vocal ligaments

A

Come together, closing airway

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10
Q

When arytenoid cartilages slide apart the vocal ligaments

A

Separate, opening airway

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11
Q

When arytenoid cartilages slide anteriorly the vocal ligaments

A

Relax, decreasing pitch

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12
Q

When arytenoid cartilages slide posteriorly vocal ligaments

A

Tighten, increasing pitch

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13
Q

When anterior tip of arytenoid cartilages rotate out (abduct) the vocal ligaments

A

Separate

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14
Q

When anterior tip of arytenoid cartilages rotate in (addict) the vocal ligaments

A

Come together, but leave a slight gap for whispering

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the larynx

A 
Cricothyroid 
Posterior cricoarytenoid 
Lateral cricoarytenoid 
Thyroarytenoid 
Transverse and oblique arytenoids
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16
Q

What is the function of all the laryngeal muscles? And which of those is the only one that abducts

A

Modulate voice and air flow

Posterior cricoarytenoid

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17
Q

Innervation of the laryngeal muscles is from

A

CNX vagus
External laryngeal branch of CNX to cricothyroid
Recurrent laryngeal branch of CNX to all others

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18
Q

Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve may be injured due to inflammation or surgery on structures around it in the neck and results in

A

High pitched, noisy respiration and “breathy” voice

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19
Q

Muscular tube that extends from the base of the cranium

A

Pharynx

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20
Q

The pharynx extends from

A

The inferior border of cricoid cartilage (anteriorly) and inferior border of C6 (posteriorly)

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21
Q

Function of the pharynx

A

Conducts air to the larynx, trachea, and lungs

Pushes food into the esophagus

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22
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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23
Q

What are the muscles of the nasopharynx / soft palate

A

Tensor veli palatini

Levator veli palatini

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24
Q

Tensor veli palatini action and nerve

A

A: tenses palate
N: CNV3

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25
Q

Levator veli palatini action and nerve

A

A: elevates palate
N: CNX

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26
Q

What are the muscles of the oropharynx / soft plate

A

Uvular
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus

27
Q

Uvular action and nerve

A

A: elevates uvular
N: CNX

28
Q

Palatopharyngeus action and nerve

A

A: elevates pharynx,depresses palate
N: CNX

29
Q

Palatoglossus action and nerve

A

A: elevates tongue, depresses palate
N: CNX

30
Q

The tonsils are made of

A

Lymphatic tissue

31
Q

What are the four tonsils that form a defensive ring around the naso / oropharynx

A

Pharyngeal-superior
Palatine- lateral
Tubal- lateral
Lingual- inferior

32
Q

What are the muscles in the external layer of the pharynx

A

Superior constrictor
Middle constrictor
Inferior constrictor

33
Q

The external layer muscles of the pharynx action and nerve

A

A: constricts wall of pharynx during swallowing
N: vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

34
Q

The inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx blends in with

A

The esophagus

35
Q

What are the muscles of the inner layer of the pharynx

A

Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Stylopharyngeus

36
Q

What is the function of the internal layer of pharynx muscles

A

Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking

37
Q

Palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus are innervated by

A

Vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

38
Q

The stylopharyngeus is innervated by

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

39
Q

The pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tine connects the

A

Pharynx to the tympanic cavity of the middle ear

40
Q

The pharyngotympanic tube equalizes air pressure so the

A

Tympanic membrane can vibrate freely

41
Q

The pharyngeal opening of the pharyngotympanic tube is passively held shut and needs active opening by

A

The contractions of tensor veli palatini and levator veli palatini during swallowing or yawning

42
Q

The tensor tympani muscle is attached to the

A

Malleus of the ear

43
Q

The tensor tympani contracts to prevent the tympanic membrane from

A

Vibrating too much due to loud sounds

44
Q

Deglutition (act of swallowing) is the process whereby a boils is transferred from

A

The oral cavity through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach

45
Q

What stages of swallowing are voluntary and involuntary

A

Stage 1- voluntary
Stage 2- involuntary
Stage 3- involuntary

46
Q

What occurs in stage 1 of swallowing

A

The food bolus is pushed against the palate via tongue

Bolus squeezed into oropharynx via tongue and soft palate

47
Q

What happens in stage 2 of swallowing

A

Soft palate is elevated sealing off the nasopharynx

The pharynx is widened and shortened to receive food bolus

48
Q

What happens in stage 3 of swallowing

A

Contraction of all three constrictor muscles forces food inferiorly into the esophagus
Epiglottis closes the larynx

49
Q

The bolus moves down the esophagus via

A

Peristaltic contraction

50
Q

The piriform recess (fossa) in the pharynx is a place for

A

Good to get stuck

51
Q

The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) is elected by touching

A

The posterior 1/3 of tongue, soft palate, or pharynx (sensation from CNIX)

52
Q

The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) causes contraction of

A

Pharynx muscles (somatic motor innervated by CNX)

53
Q

The gag reflex (pharyngeal reflex) prevents and can induce

A

Prevents anything from entering throat and choking

Induced vomiting

54
Q

The superior middle and inferior nasal concha are located

A

In the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

55
Q

The superior middle and inferior nasal concha increase? And warms and moistens

A

Inc surface area of nasal cavity mucosa

Warms and moistens air as it enters the body

56
Q

The nasolacrimal duct begins at

A

Lacrimal foramen in the lacrimal bone

57
Q

The nasolacrimal duct ends in

A

Nasal cavity underneath the inferior nasal cavity

58
Q

Mucus lined air pockets named for the bone that they are in

A

Paranasal sinuses

59
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Maxillary

60
Q

All the paranasal sinuses have openings into the nasal cavity which is a

A

Source of infection

61
Q

Infection and/or inflammation of the mucus lining of any sinus(es)

A

Sinusitis

62
Q

In sinusitis pain is typically

A

Localized to the involved sinus

63
Q

The sphenoid sinus drains into nasal cavity

A

Under the superior nasal concha

64
Q

Maxillary, frontal and ethmoid sinuses drain into

A

Nasal cavity under middle nasal concha

Sam's Human Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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