Hazardous Substances

Question 1

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons (Coal Tar)

Answer 1

Skin cancer

Question 2

Hexavalent Chromium

Answer 2

Lung cancer

Chronic septal perforation

Question 3

Hard woods dusts

Answer 3

Nasopharangeal Cancer (furniture makers, carpenters)
(from decidous trees)

Question 4

Benzene (Aromatic Hydrocarbons)

Answer 4

Chronic - leukaemia, aplastic anaemia

Acute - CNS Depression

Question 5

Vinyl Chloride monomers

Answer 5

Angiosarcoma of the liver.

PVC industry

Question 6

Benz(a)pyrene

Answer 6

Scrotal Carcinoma (Chimney sweeps)
Leukaemia

Question 7

Paraquat (in weed killers)

Answer 7

Respiratory Failure

Question 8

N-hexane

Answer 8

(glue solvents)

PNS problems - Sensory peripheral neuropathy

Question 9

Cobalt

Answer 9

Renal failure

Occupational asthma

Question 10

Arsenic

Answer 10

Skin cancer

Cancer of liver and respiratory tract

Question 11

Mercury

Answer 11

Psychosis “mad hatter”

Felt workers

Question 12

Cadmium

Answer 12

Emphysema and renal failure

Question 13

Tungsten

Answer 13

Giant cell pneumonia

Question 14

Silver

Answer 14

Argyria (purple/grey skin)

Question 15

Zinc oxide fumes

Answer 15

Metal fume fever

Question 16

B-naphthylamine

Answer 16

Bladder cancer (dye staff workers)
Rubber industry

Question 17

Methyl Bromide

Answer 17

Grand mal seizures

Question 18

Manganese

Answer 18

Organic Psychosis (manganese madness)

Question 19

Organophosphates (in pesticides)

Answer 19

Anticholinesterase activity (organophosphate induced delayed neuropathy OPIDN) - tx atropine

Question 20

Naphthalene

Answer 20

From Coal Tar
Acute- cataracts in adults
Heamolytic anaemia

Question 21

Tetrachoroethylene

Answer 21

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma (dry cleaning)

Liver and kidney toxicity

Question 22

Inorganic Lead

Answer 22

Anaemia
Wrist Drop
Irreversible effects at 80 mg/dl

Question 23

Soft wood dusts

Answer 23

(from coniferous trees)
Contact or allergic dematitis
Asthma

Question 24

MMMF

Answer 24

Machine made mineral fibre
Irritant - to eyes and skin
Lung cancer

Question 25

Rosin

Answer 25

Solder flux fume

Asthma

Question 26

Aluminuim

Answer 26

Aluminuim metal interstitual fibrosis of the lungs

Question 27

Beryllium

Answer 27

CBD - chronic beryllium disease - lungs and skin

Question 28

Nickel

Answer 28

Skin and respiratory sensitization

Question 29

Vanadium

Answer 29

Greenish discoloration of the tongue

Mutagenicity and resp tract toxicity.

Question 30

Serpentines

Answer 30

Curly fibers made up of sheets of crystals
White asbestos (chrysotile)
Commonest, most important commercially

Question 31

Chrysotile

Answer 31

White asbestos

Question 32

Crocidolite

Answer 32

Blue asbestos

Commonly used to insulate steam engines.

Question 33

Amosite

Answer 33

Brown asbestos

Used most frequently in cement sheets and pipe insulation.

Question 34

Amphiboles

Answer 34

Straighter, shorter so each alveoli. Less exposure needed to cause cancer
Consists of crocidolite, amosite, tremolite

Question 35

Tremolite

Answer 35

This and Actinolite are not used commercially, but they can be found as contaminants in chrysotile asbestos, vermiculite and talc. These two chemically similar minerals can be brown, white, green, gray or transparent.

Question 36

Organic Lead

Answer 36

Confusion, needs to monitored in those with mental health problems.
Acute confusion. Lipid soluble

Question 37

Resin

Answer 37

Epoxy resins found in a variety on industries.
Skin contact is main source of problems.
Dermatitis. Respiratory sensitiser.

Question 38

Benzidine

Answer 38

Bladder cancer (dye staff workers)
Rubber industry

Question 39

Toluene

Answer 39

In printing fluid

Associated with sensorineural hearing loss

Question 40

Phenol

Answer 40

Vitiligo

Question 41

Styrene

Answer 41

CNS depression