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Occupational Medicine > Physical Hazards > Flashcards

Physical Hazards Flashcards

1
Q

Dosemeter

A

Personal Sound Level Meter to measure noise.
Used when worker is highly mobile
Place microphone on shoulder and side of head

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2
Q

Whole Body Vibration

A

In construction, agriculture and land transport
Risk of LBP, sciatica
EAV 0.5m/s (action needed)
ELV 1.15 m/s (limit)

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3
Q

Hand Vibration

A

EAV - 2.5m/s daily amount at which controls should be in place with regular health surveillance.
ELV - 5m/s max exposure in any given day

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4
Q

Lighting

A

Too much illuminance can lead to glare

Too little illuminance can lead to eye strain

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5
Q

Photo Retinitis

A

Photochemical damage from exposure for more than 10s.

Blue light hazard

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6
Q

Photokeratitis

A

Tender eye condition following exposure to UV rays without protection

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7
Q

Luminous intensity

A

Luminous flux emitted per solid angle

Candela (Cd)

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8
Q

Illuminance

A

Symbol E
Amount of light falling on a surface divided by the area over which it is falling. Measured in lux (lumens/sq meter)
Measured with light meter

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9
Q

Luminance

A 
Symbol L
Amount of light reflected from a surface
Cd/m2
Measured with luminance meter
Considered the human perception of brightness
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10
Q

Light meter

A

Measures illuminance

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11
Q

Reflectance

A

Ratio of light falling on a surface to light reflected from the surface as a %
Measured with reflectometer

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12
Q

Reflectometer

A

Measures reflectance

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13
Q

Luminance Equation

A 
Luminance  = Illuminance x Reflectance/Pie
(candela/m2) = lux x %/ Pie
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14
Q

Luminance meter

A

Measures luminance which is the amount of light reflected from a surface

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15
Q

Parameters for heat stress

A
  1. air temperature
  2. air velocity
  3. radiant temperature
  4. relative humidity
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16
Q

Dry Bulb Thermometers

A

Measure air temperature

AKA - Electric thermometers

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17
Q

Wet Bulb Thermometer

A

Dry bulb covered in a clean cotton wick wetted with distilled water

18
Q

Psychrometers

A

Wet and dry bulb thermometer mounted in a frame
Used determine relative humidity
2 types sling and aspirated

19
Q

Globe Thermometer

A

Used to measure radiant temperature (mercury in glas thermometer with bulb in the centre of a matt black sphere.

20
Q

Kata Thermometer

A

Used to measure air velocities less than 0.5m/s

21
Q

Personal Heat Stress Monitors

A

Signals from various sensors including heart rate, temperature. Can have an alarm

22
Q

Static Instruments

A

Provide a signal for wet bulb globe temperatures and

air velocities

23
Q

WBGT

A

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature

Most widely accepted index for assessment of heat

24
Q

WBGT Indoor Use

A

WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.3 GT

WB is natural wet bulb temp, GT is globe temp

25
Q

WBGT Outdoor Use

A

WBGT = 0.7 WB + 0.2 GT + 0.1DB

WB is natural wet bulb temp, GT is globe temp and DB is dry bulb temp

26
Q

Acclimatization

A

Full heat acclimatization requires 3 weeks of physical activity under the heat stress conditions.
Ability of body to sweat increases, sweat increases, salt content in sweat decreases.

27
Q

Risk Control to reduce heat strain

A

Planning of work - eg maintenance work
Modifying the environment - reduce process heat, improve ventilation, evaporative cooling
Worker - medical pre selection, acclimitization, report sx
Managerial - Monitor heat stress conditions, work rest, training, appropriate controls
Protective Clothing - ice cooled jackets

28
Q

Climate factors for Cold Stress

A

Air temperature

Air velocity

29
Q

Risk Control for cold Temperatures

A

Below 16 for sedentary
4C for light
-7C for moderate work

30
Q

Total body protection

A

If work performed in a temp of 4 or less

31
Q

PMV

A

Predicted Mean Vote

7 point scale for assessment of thermal comfort

32
Q

PPD

A

Predicted percentage dissatisfied

Percentage of thermally dissatisfied people who feel too hot or too cool. Calculated from PMV

33
Q

Peak Sound Noise

A

Lower EAV - 80 db, 135 db
Upper EAV - 85 db, 137 db
ELV - 87 db, 140 db

34
Q

HACCP

A

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points

System for food hygiene with the aim of identifying hazards and placing controls to minimise risks.

35
Q

Cold Stress HSE Guidance

A

HSE does not issue specific requirements.
Suggests:
Appropriate PPE
Provide mobile warm facilities and encourage hot drinks
More frequent rest breaks
Educate workers on early signs of cold stress

36
Q

Hygrometer

A

Measures humidity and water vapour

37
Q

Minimum Lighting Requirements

A
  1. Level of illumination - depends on work being done, speed and age of person
  2. Appropriate illumination ratios - difference between brightness in 2 places
  3. Glare exclusion zone
38
Q

Accelerometer

A

Instrument used to measure arm vibration.

39
Q

Disability Glare

A

Individual disabled from carrying out given visual task

40
Q

Discomfort Glare

A

Not disabled but experience discomfort

41
Q

Veiling Reflection

A

Incident light that partially or totally obscures the details to be seen on a surface by reducing the contrast.
Hard to read text on DSE as reflections obscure it.

Occupational Medicine (17 decks)

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