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Pharma > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteriacidal Drugs

A 
Very Finely Proficient At Murder
Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolone
Penicillin
Aminoglycoside
Metronidazole
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2
Q

Inhibits Transpeptidation -> Crosslinks the linear peptidoglycan layer
Activates Autolytic Enzyme

A

Penicillins

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3
Q

Beta lactamases formation
Structural change in Target PBPs
Changes in Porin Structure

A

Penicillin Resistance

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4
Q

Binds to PBP, Inhibits transpeptidation
DOC for Syphillis
Renal tubular absorption inhibited by Probenecid
Increased activity against enterococci if given with aminoglycosides
Can cross BBB of Meninges are inflamed

A

Penicillin

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5
Q

Isoxazolyl Penicillin (Anti Staphylococcal)

A 
CONDOM
Cloxacillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin
Dicloxacillin
Methicillin
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6
Q

For Staphylococcal infections

A

CONDOM

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7
Q

Interstitial Nephritis

A

Methicilin

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8
Q

Neutropenia

Biliary clearance

A

Nafcillin

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9
Q

Infections due to enterococci
HELPSE (Haemophilus influenza, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus Mirabilis, Salmonella, Enterococci )
SE: Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Amino Penicillin (Extended Spectrum)

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10
Q

DOC Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole

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11
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillin

A

Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin

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12
Q

Synergistic effect with aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas
Enhanced effect with beta lactamase inhibitors

Greater activity against gram - infections, due to KEPs

A

Takes Care of Pseudomonas
Ticarcillin
Carbenicillin
Piperacillin

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13
Q

Cephalosporins with non renal excretion

A

Cefoperazone

Ceftriaxone

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14
Q

1st Generation Cephalosporins

A 
FADer help me FAZ my PHarma boards!
CeFADroxil
CeFAZolin
CePHalotin
CePHapirin
CePHradine
CePHalxine
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15
Q

For Surgical Prophylaxis, Bone infections, Gram +

Complete cross allergenicity (Partial with Penicillins)

Minimal effect on Gram Neg

PEcKs first

Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella

A 
FADer help me FAZ my PHarma boards!
CeFADroxil
CeFAZolin
CePHalotin
CePHapirin
CePHradine
CePHalxine
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16
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin

A 
FURy FOX FAMilies  and Drinking TEa
CeFURoxime
CeFOXitin
CeFAMandole
CefoTEtan
FAC LORA's FONe the PROFesional AZOLE
CeFAClor
LORAcarbef
CeFONicid
CefPROzil
CefmetaAZOLE
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17
Q

Added coverage for infections in Haemophilus Enterobacter and Neiserria + PEcKs

Second HEN PEcKs

Cefuroxime - improved activity against Pseudomonas and Haemophilus

Cefotetan and Cefoxitin - good activity against B. fragilis and thus are used for abdominal and pelvic infections

A 
2nd Gen Cephalosporins
FURy FOX FAMilies  and Drinking TEa
CeFURoxime
CeFOXitin
CeFAMandole
CefoTEtan
FAC LORA's FONe the PROFesional AZOLE
CeFAClor
LORAcarbef
CeFONicid
CefPROzil
CefmetaAZOLE
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18
Q

Have Renal Excretion except

A

Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone

TRY mo iihi ang PERA

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19
Q

Can Penetrate the BBB Except

A

Cefoperazone and Cefixime

BBBulshit can be Fixed by PERA

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20
Q

Most active Cephs against PRSA

A

Ceftriaxone and Cefoxime

Fox Tries PRSA (Pizza)

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21
Q

DOC Gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone and Cefixime

Try to Fix Gonorrhea

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22
Q

Third Gen Cephalosporins

Disulfiram Reaction - CefoPERAzone

A 
FEnge PO PERA to TRI to FIX TAX ng TIBU na TAZmanian devil na nag tiTIZ
CeFEtamet
CefPOdoxime
CefPERAzone
CefTRIaxone
CeFIXime
CefoTAXime
CefTIBUten
CefTAZ
CefTIZoxime
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23
Q

Anti Pseudomonal Cephalosporins

A

FEnge PERA TAZ please

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24
Q

4th Gen Cephalosporins

A

CAROLINE’s PIRcIngs are EPIc

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25
Q

MRSA Cephalosporin

A

Ceftaroline

Caroline and MRSA

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26
Q

Carbapenems

A

PENEMS

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27
Q

For Serious infections such as Pneumonia and Sepsis

A

Carbapenems

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28
Q

Beta Lactams with CNS toxicity (Confusion, Encephalopathy and Seizures)

A

Carbapenems

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29
Q

Inhibits Renal Metabolism of Imipenem

A

Cilastin (Carbapenem - Cilastin)

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30
Q

Carbapenem non active against Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter

A

Ertapenem (Maarte siya)

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31
Q

Monobactam

A

Aztreonam

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32
Q

Resistant to Beta Lactamase

SE: Vertigo

No cross allergenicity with Penicillins
No activity against gram positive or anaerobes

A

Monobactam - Aztreonam

Vietnam resistance has no air no positives

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33
Q

Beta Lactamase Inhibitors

Most active: Plasmid BLac > Chromosomal BLac

A

Clavulanic
Sulbactam
Tazobactam

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34
Q

SE: Cholestatic Jaundice

A

Beta lactamase inhibitors

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35
Q

Class: Glycopeptide
Binds to D-Ala- D- Ala
Inhibits TRANGLYCOLSILATION
Prevent ELONGATION

for MRSA and Pseudomembranous Colitis

SE: RED Man Syndrome

A

Vancomycin

Dybala tiec the Van to Tel Aviv

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36
Q

Tx for Red Man Syndrom

A

Slowing infusion flow

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37
Q

VRSA and VRE

A

Due to D-Ala-D-Ala Lactate formation

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38
Q

Drugs of LAst Resort

A 
I AM your Last Shot At Victory
Imipinem
Amikacin
Linezolid
Streptogramins
Vancomycin
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39
Q

Peptide Antibiotic

A

Bacitracin

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40
Q

Interferes with late stage cell wall synthesis in gram + organisms
Only for Gram +
SE: Nephrotoxicity (Topical Use)
Reserved for Topical Use only due to Nephrotoxicity

A

Bacitracin

Late siya kaya nasa Bac siya

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41
Q

Blocks incorporation of D-Ala into PENTAapeptide side chain
For Drug resistant Tuberculosis (2nd Line)
SE: Neurotoxicity

A

Cycloserine

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42
Q

DEPolarization causing rapid cell death
Gram +, Sepsis and Endocarditis
SE: Myopathy

Inactivated by Pulmonary Surfactants
NOT Bactericidal

A

Daptomycin

DAPolarization

43
Q

Inactivates UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine-3-enoplyruvatetransferase

A

Fosfomycin

44
Q

Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Antibiotics

A

AT CELLS

Aminoglycoside
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
Erythromycin
Lincosamides
Linezolid
Streptogramins
45
Q

Broad Spectrum Protein Synthesis Inhibitor

A

Chloramphenicol

46
Q

Inhibits Transpeptidation at 50s -> Bacteriostatic
For Meningitis
SE: Gray Baby Syndrome, Aplastic Anemia

Resistance due to formation of acetyltransferase that inactivates the drug

A

Chloramphenicol

47
Q

Binds to 30s subunit

M. pneumonia, chlamydia, ricketsiae, Vibrio

A

Tetracycline (TETry Subunit) - Cyclines

My clam has vibrated with rick

48
Q

Tetracycline for SIADH

A

Demeclocycline (Deme may sayad)

49
Q

Tetracycline with Vestibulotoxicity

A

Minocycline

50
Q

Tx for Bronchitis

A

Doxycycline

51
Q

Tetracycline with broadest spectrum and Longest T1/2

Only Tetracycline unaffected by resistance

A

Tigecycline - Tiger is broadest and longest cat, Tigasin

52
Q

Tetracycline that is excreted in the bile

A

Doxycycline

53
Q

Blocks aTTachment to T- RNA acceptor site

A

Tetracycline

54
Q

Binds to 50s

A

Streptogramin
Erythromycin
Cyclophosphamide

50 pesos for Marco’s Pristine Clean Cyclops

55
Q

Binds to 50s
Pertussis, Diptheria, Chlamydia - PeDiCure
SE: Cholestatic hepatitis, QT Prolongation, Rare Fulminant Hepatic Failure

A

Macrolides - Erythromycin

Pedicure kay Erin

56
Q

Macrolide that does not inhibit CYP450

A

Azithromycin

57
Q

Used for Macrolide resistance

A

Telithromycin

58
Q

Binds to 50s subunit
For Endocarditis prophylaxis, PCP Pneumonia, Toxoplasmosis
SE: Pseudomembranous colitis
Resistance due to methylation binding sites

A

Lincosamide - Clindamycin

Clean Lincon

59
Q

Anaerobic Infection

A

Above diaphragm - Clindamycin

Below Diaphragm - Metronidazole

60
Q

Only one that Binds to 50s that is BACTERIACIDAL
For MRSA, VRSA, VRE
SE: Arthralgia, Myalgia Syndrome

A

Streptogramin - Quinupristin - Dalfopristin

61
Q

Binds to 23S of 50 subunit
For MRSA,VRSA, VRE
SE: Optic Neuritis
Resistance due to decrease affinity of Drug to Binding site

A

Oxazolidinone - Linezolid

23 oxs line at ted

62
Q

Concentration Dependent Killing Action
Post antibiotic effect
Not absorbed orally
Requires O2 for Transport

A

Aminoglycosides

63
Q

Aminoglycosides synergistic with

A

Cell wall synthesis inhibitors

64
Q

Aminiglycoside Mnemonics

A

GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes

Gentamicin
Neomycin
Amikacin
Tobramycin
Streptomycin
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Teratogen
65
Q

Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
For aerobic gram negative bac
Ocular infections - Tobramycin

A

Gentamycin/ Tobramycin

66
Q

Most vestibulotoxic and nephrotoxic Amingoglycosides

A

Gentamycin and Tobramycin

GenTo most toxic

67
Q

Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
For Multi Drug Resistant TB (2nd line drug)

Least resistance but narrowest therapeutic window

A

Amikacin

68
Q

Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition

For Tularemia, Bubonic Plaque, Brucellosis

A

Streptomycin

69
Q

DOC of Beaubonic plague

A

Streptomycin

70
Q

Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition
Bowel Preparation for elective surgery, Hepatic Encephaolopathy

Kanamycin most ototoxic

A

Paromomycin, Kanamycin, Neomycin

PAKANE

71
Q

For Visceral leishmaniasis

A

Paromomycin

72
Q

Limited to topical and oral use only

A

Neomycin

73
Q

Binds to 30s -> Protein synthesis inhibition

For Drug resistant Gonorrhea

A

Spectinomycin

74
Q

Most ototoxic aminoglycosides

A

Amikacin and Kanamycin KA - TengKA

75
Q

Most vestibulotoxic

A

Tobramycin Gentomycin

76
Q

Skin reactions

A

Neomycin and Strptomycin

77
Q

Inhibits translocation process during protein synthesis, from Fusidium coccineum

A

Fusidic Acid

78
Q

Bacteriostatic inhibitors of folic acid synthesis

A

Sulfonamides

79
Q

Selective inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase

A

Trimethoprim

80
Q

Sulfonamide
Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase, bacteriostatic
For Burn Infections

SE: SJS/TEN, G6PD hemolysis, Kernicterus

A

Silver Sulfadiazide/ Mafenide Acetate

81
Q

Sulfonamide
Sequential blockade of dihydropteroate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase , bactericidal
For HAM (Haemophilus, Aeromonas, Moraxella), P. jiroveci

SE: SJS/TEN, G6PD hemolysis, Kernicterus

A

TMP - SMX

82
Q

DOC for Toxoplasmosis

2nd agent for Malaria

A

Sulfadiazine- Pyrimethamine

83
Q

Coadministered with Leucovorin to limit bone marrow toxicity

A

Pyrimethamine

84
Q

Increased level of unconjugated bilirubin at subcortical nuclei and basal ganglia

A

Kernicterus

85
Q

Inhibits Topoisomerase II in gram neg
Inhibits Topoisomerase IV in gram pos

May cause damage of growing cartilage

A

Quinolones

86
Q

M/C Cause of Quinolone Resistance

A

decrease IC accumulation of drug via efflux pumps

87
Q

2nd Gen Quinolone

A

Ciprofloxacin

88
Q

3rd Gen Quinolone

A

Levofloxacin/ Moxifloxacin (Vigamox)

89
Q

4th Gen Quinolone

A

Trovafloxacin

90
Q

Ciprofloxacin AE

A

Tendonitis

91
Q

For Atypical Pneumonia/ Lung Infections

A

Levofloxacin

92
Q

Levofloxacin AE

A

QT prolongation, Tendinitis

93
Q

Trovafloxacin AE

A

Hepatotoxicity

94
Q

Broad Spectrum Quinolones, enhanced activity against anaerobes

A

4th Gen Quinolones

95
Q

Quinolone Most active agent against Gram neg organisms esp Pseudomonas

A

Ciprofloxacin

96
Q

Quinolone that cannot be used in UTI

A

Moxifloxacin

97
Q

Quinolone C. trachomatis

A

Ofloxacin

98
Q

Quinolone that causes hyperglycemia

A

Gatifloxacin

99
Q

Ferredoxin forming
Disrupt electron transport chain
Antiprotozoal, Vaginitis, Brain Abscess, ANAEROBIC

A

Metronidazole (DAZOLES)

100
Q

DOC for Amoebiasis, Giardiasis and Pseudomembranous colitis

A

Metronidazole

101
Q

Multiple reactive intermediates when acted by nitrofuran reductase

For Uncomplicated UTI (except Proteus and Pseudomonas - resistant)

SE: Pulmonary Infiltrates, Phototoxicity

Contraindicated in renal insufficiency

A

Nitrofurantoin - Nitrofuran

102
Q

Topical antiinfective, Pseudmonic acid
Inhibits Staphylococcal isoleucyl tRNA synthase

For MRSA, Impetigo

SE: Burning stinging skin sensation, Epistaxis

Only used topically
Single OD dose can prevent recurrent UT

A

Mupirocin

103
Q

Cationic Detergents
Disrupt bacterial cell membrane, bind and inactivate endotoxin

For salvage therapy of Acinetobacter, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas

Proteus and Neisseria - resistant
For topical use only

A

Polymyxin B

104
Q

Macrocyclic, Narrow Spectrum
Binds to Sigma subunit of RNA polymerase

For gram + only, C. difficile in adults

Orphan Drug Status in C. difficile in children

A

Fidaxomicin

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