CH 4 Flashcards
What is the term used to describe an organism and all of its associated sybioti microbes?
holobiont
What symbionts are apart of the coral holobiont?
Coral, zooxanthellae, prokaryotes
What do the prokaryotes provide?
Fix nitrogen, gather p and iron. Provide anti microbial
What do prokaryotes and algae form a symbiosis with?
Sponges
What does vertical transmission of symbionts imply?
Acquisition from parents
Symbionts acquired by sponges are likely acquired how?
Similar to corals. Vertical, horizontal or leaky vertical
Are all bacterial good for sponges and corals?
No some are detrimental
What is black band disease?
A consortium of microbes
What do beneficial symbionts provide for a sponge?
Carbon nitrogen and chemical defense.
What do harmful symbionts do to sponges?
Overgrowth, blockage of canals and damage to skeletal structures
How do sponges control their symbionts?
Limiting nutrients and habitat for growth, releasing growth inhibitors or by phagocytosis
What controls beneficial and harmful symbionts environmentally?
Enviro conditions, nutrient cycling, resource competition and colonization.
What are other symbiosis on reefs?
Pearl fish and sea cucumber Obligate symbiosis of gobie and coral Gobies as cleaners Cleaner shrimp Other cleaning stations for pelagic species Fish anemone
