Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

From Flashcardlet > 1229 Exam 8: Meningitis and Reye's syndrome > Flashcards

1229 Exam 8: Meningitis and Reye's syndrome Flashcards

0
Q

Who is at the most risk for meningitis?

A

One month to five years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is bacterial meningitis?

A
  • acute inflammation of the meninges and CSF
  • remains a significant cause of illness in the pediatric age groups because of the residual damage caused by undiagnosed and untreated or inadequately treated cases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three types of meninges?

A
  • DURA matter- outer covering
  • Arachnoid matter- middle and looks like spider webbing
  • pia matter- closest to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What bacterial cause most bacterial meningitis in patients older than two months?

A
  • h. Influenza type B
  • s. pneumoniae
  • neissria meningitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What bacteria causes bacterial meningitis in patients under two months?

A
  • b. hemolytic streptococci
  • staphylococcus aureus
  • e.coli
  • listeria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which bacteria causes the epidemic form of meningitis?

A
  • meningococcal
  • transmitted by droplet infection from nasopharyngeal secretions
  • primarily affects school age and adolescents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do you transmit bacterial meningitis?

A
  • spread by direct contact

* may not have meningitis, but have the bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is meningitis (bacterial) diagnosed?

A
  • a lumbar puncture is the definitive diagnostic test.
  • fluid pressure is measured and samples are obtained for culture, gram stain, blood cell count, and the determination of glucose and protein count
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the lumbar puncture results for positive meningitis?

A
  • viral: shows slight increase in WBC with increased lymphocytes and normal glucose levels
  • bacterial: severe increase in WBC with increase polycytes, and glucose is elevated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What Re the therapeutic managements for bacterial meningitis?

A
  • isolation precautions
  • initiation of anti microbial therapy
  • maintenance of hydration
  • maintenance of ventilation
  • reduction of increased ICP
  • management of systemic shock
  • control of seizures
  • control of temperature
  • treatment of complications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Clinical manifestations of bacterial meningitis?

A 
Usually abrupt onset
Fever 
Chills
Headache 
Vomiting
Alterations in sensorium
Seizures-- often the initial sign
Irritability
Agitation
Can develop--- photophobia, delirium, hallucinations, aggressive behavior, drowsiness, stupor, and coma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infants and young children:

A 
Fever 
Poor feeding
Vomiting
Marked irritability
Frequent seizures-- with high pitched cry
Bulging fontanels
Nuchal rigidity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Neonates: specific signs

A 
Extremely difficult to diagnose
Manifestations vague and nonspecific
Well at birth within a few days begin to look and behave poorly
Refusal of feelings
Poor sucking ability
Vomiting or diarrhea
Poor tone 
Lack of movement
Weak cry
Full, tense, and bulging fontanels
Neck usually supple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neonates: nonspecific signs:

A 
Hypothermia or fever
Jaundice
Irritability
Drowsiness
Seizures
Respiratory irregularities or apnea
Cyanosis
Weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nursing alert:

A
  • Major priority is to give antibiotics as soon as they are ordered
  • the child is placed on respiratory isolation of anti microbial therapy.
16
Q

Nursing care for bacterial meningitis:

A
  • keep room quiet and keep stimuli to a minimum
  • side-lying position due to rigidity
  • avoid actions that causes pain such as raising child’s head
  • evaluate pain
  • observe vitals, neurological signs, LOC, urine output
  • observe for increased ICP, shock, or respiratory distress
17
Q

No bacterial (aseptic) meningitis?

A

-caused by many different viruses. Onset may be abrupt or gradual.

18
Q

Initial manifestations for aseptic meningitis?

A

Headache
Fever
Malaise
Gastrointestinal symptoms

19
Q

How is aseptic meningitis diagnosed?

A

Clinical features and CSF findings

20
Q

Treatment for aseptic meningitis:

A

Primarily symptomatic
Anti microbial agents maybe administered
Isolation enforced as precaution
Similar to care with bacterial meningitis

21
Q

Reye’s syndrome?

A
  • encephalitis
  • 5-13 years old are the majority age group
  • no aspirin until at least 18 years of age
22
Q

What causes Reye’s syndrome?

A

It is unknown, but aspirin puts children at greater risk

* not contagious

23
Q

Signs and symptoms of Reyes?

A 
Lethargy
N/v 
Drowsiness
Seizures
Coma
24
Q

What systems are affected by Reye’s syndrome ?

A

Everything is effected especially the liver and brain

25
Q

How is Reye’s syndrome diagnosed?

A

-History and physical with clinical manifestations is key!
-liver biopsy
-ct scan for edema
-blood work
Lumbar puncture

26
Q

Stage one:

A

Vomiting
Lethargy
Liver dysfunction
Pupil reaction is brisk

27
Q

Stage two:

A 
Disorientation
Combativeness
Delirium
Hyperventilation
Hyperactive reflexes
Appropriate responses to painful stimuli 
Evidence of liver dysfunction
Pupil reaction is sluggish
28
Q

Stage three:

A 
Obtruded
Coma
Hyperventilation
Decorticate rigidity
Preservation of pupillary light reaction
Oculovestibular reflexes
29
Q

Stage four

A 
Deepening coma
Decerebrate rigidity
Loss of oculocephalic reflexes 
Large and fixed pupils
Loss of dolls eye reflex
Loss of corneal reflexes
Minimal liver dysfunction
30
Q

Stage five

A

Seizures
Loss of deep tendon reflexes
Respiratory arrest
Flaccidity

31
Q

Treatment of Reye’s syndrome:

A 
Hospitalization-- usually in the ICU
IV fluids
Meds through IV
Seizure medications needed
Diuretic
Vitamin k
Maybe oxygen or ventilator 
** liver problems could cause bleeding
32
Q

Nursing management:

A 
Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy
Watch for ICP-- life threatening
Rapid recovery
Monitor LOC and PERRL
I&O q8h
Vitals q2h
Teach family no aspirin
Be honest about prognosis
Can occur again

From Flashcardlet (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions