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Anatomy > Osteology Of Back > Flashcards

Osteology Of Back Flashcards

1
Q

of cervical vertebrae

A

7

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2
Q

of thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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3
Q

of lumber vertebrae

A

5

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4
Q

Results from blow to top of head i.e. diving accident.
Fractures on both arches of atlas
Fracture alone does not injure spinal cord
If transverse l. Is ruptured the odontoid process may injure spinal cord

A

Jefferson fracture

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5
Q

Jefferson Fracture

A

Results from blow to top of head i.e. diving accident.
Fractures on both arches of atlas
Fracture alone does not injure spinal cord
If transverse l. Is ruptured the odontoid process may injure spinal cord

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6
Q

Fracture of vertebral arch of axis or Fracture of the Odontoid Process
Occurs as a result of hyperextension of the head on the neck or after horizontal blow to the head.

A

Hangman’s Fracture

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7
Q

Hangman’s Fracture

A

Fracture of vertebral arch of axis or Fracture of the Odontoid Process
Occurs as a result of hyperextension of the head on the neck or after horizontal blow to the head.

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8
Q

If odontoid process breaks at its base,

A

It will usually not heal, because the transverse l. holds it away from its blood supply.

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9
Q

If odontoid process breaks inferior to its base

A

It is much more likely to heal

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10
Q

The axis fractures in what two places

A

odontoid process and vertebral arch

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11
Q

Which cervical vertebrae are typical?

A

C3-6

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12
Q

Vertebral Lamina fail to fuse & close off the vertebral canal.
Occurs at L5 & S1
Often tuft of hair exists over defect

A

Spina Bifida Occulta

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13
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta

A

Vertebral Lamina fail to fuse & close off the vertebral canal.
Occurs at L5 & S1
Often tuft of hair exists over defect

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14
Q

Where is the vertebral a. transmitted?

A

Transverse Foramen (C1-C6)

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15
Q

Attachment point for Levator Scapulae & Scalene muscles

A

Posterior Tubercle

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16
Q

Posterior Tubercle is the attachment point for

A

Levator Scapulae & Scalene muscles

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17
Q

Anterior Tubercle is the attachment point for

A

Levator Scapulae & Scalene

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18
Q

Carotid Tubercle

A

The C6 anterior tubercle

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19
Q

Has a depressed area that accommodates the

A

Anterior Rami of Spinal nerves

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20
Q

Which cervical vertebrae has a long and well pronounced spinous process

A

C7

21
Q

Sometimes breaking/dislocation of cervical vertebrae does not result in spinal cord injury. Why?

A

because of the large vertebral foramen

22
Q

___________ are more horizontal than that of other vertebrae so it requires less force to dislocate cervical vertebrae

A

Articulating Facets of Cervical Vertebrae

23
Q

Unique Features of a Cervical Vertebrae

A

“Bifed spinous process”
Large triangular foramen
Costotransverse bar
Uncinate Processes

24
Q

Unique Features of Thoracic Vertebrae

A

small round vertebral foramen
“Heart” shaped vertebral body
Well pronounced lamina
Superior & Transverse & Inferior Costal Facet
Strongly inferiorly directed spinous process

25
Q

What does the superior costal facet meet with

A

The costal (rib) head of the same # segment

26
Q

What does the inferior costal facet meet with

A

The costal (rib) head one # segment up

27
Q

What does the costal articulating facet of the tubercle meet with

A

The thoracic vertebral segment that is the same as the rib #

28
Q

Degenerative joint disease
Involves calcification of vertebral body edges
Cause localized pain & stiffness

A

Spondylosis

29
Q

Separation/Fracture of lamina/pedical/part of vertebral arch from vertebral body

A

Spondylolysis

30
Q

Fracture and displacement of vertebral body on the interior vertebral segment

A

Spondylolisthesis

31
Q

Which ribs are typical

A

3-9

32
Q

Costal Groove of ribs house what?

A

Intercoastal nerves & vessels

33
Q

Costal angle is

A

Anterolateral turning point of the rib

34
Q

Unique Features of Lumber Vertebrae

A 
Large Oval shaped vertebral foramen 
Mammillary Process 
Accessory Process 
Long slender transverse process 
Large kidney shaped vertebral body 
Short sturdy “Hatchet” shaved spinous Process
35
Q

Narrowing of the Lumbar Vertebral foramen

Causes swelling and compression of one or more spinal nerve roots.

A

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

36
Q

Where is the needle inserted for a lumbar puncture

A

L3/L4 or L4/L5 at the level of the iliac crests.

37
Q

Why is the needle for lumbar puncture inserted at those levels

A

To avoid injuring the spinal cord

38
Q

Describe Lumbar Puncture

A

Needle passes through the liagmentum flavum it “pops’” and passes into the lumbar cistern deep to the spinal dura and arachnoid matar
Roots & rootlets will open up with needle
Cerebrospinal fluid can then be draw out and evaluated.

39
Q

(Upper) Median sacral crest is fused

A

Spinous process

40
Q

(Lower) medial sacral crest is fused

A

Articulating process

41
Q

Lateral Sacral Crest is fused

A

transverse processes

42
Q

Partial or complete incorporation of the L5 veterbrae into the sacrum

A

Sacrilization

43
Q

Separation of the S1 vertebra from the sacrum

A

Lumbarization

44
Q

Results from falls on lower back & difficult child birth

Result in bruising

A

Dislocation/Fracture of Coccyx

45
Q

Primary curvatures

A

Thoracic & Sacral Kyphoses

46
Q

Secondary Curvatures

A

Cervical & Lumbar Lordoses

47
Q

Exaggerated curving of the thoracic vertebral column

“Hump back”

A

Kyphosis

48
Q

Exaggerated curving of the lumbar vertebral column

“Sway back”

A

Lordosis

49
Q

Lateral curving of the spine (either right or left)

A

Scoliosis

Anatomy (12 decks)

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