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BIO 2300 C > Skeletal System (Bones, Cartilage, & Joints) > Flashcards

Skeletal System (Bones, Cartilage, & Joints) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the bone?

A 
Rigid support
Site of muscle attachment 
Internal organ protection
Storage for calcium 
Continuous blood cell supply
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2
Q

What are the functions of cartilage?

A 
Semi-rigid support
Decrease friction
  -hyaline cartilage, specifically 
  -lines articular surfaces of bones within
   synovial joints 
Allow for growth
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3
Q

Names of joints like of the elbow and knee

A

Synovial

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4
Q

A word that means related to joints:

A

Articular

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5
Q

Another word for compact bone

A

Cortical

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6
Q

Where is compact bone likely to be the dominate kind of bone?

A

Where it is most likely to buckle

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7
Q

Spongy or compact is superficial

A

Compact

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8
Q

What is the structural unit of the compact bone?

A

The osteon

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9
Q

What is the hole in the middle of an osteon called?

A

Central canal

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10
Q

Why is there a canal for the osteon?

A

For vessels and nerves

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11
Q

What is the shape of the osteon?

A

Circular

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12
Q

What kind of blood does the artery carry?

A

Oxygenated

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13
Q

What kind of blood does the vein carry?

A

Deoxygenated

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14
Q

What are the blood vessels and nerves in the Central canal for?

A

To nourish the bone

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15
Q

What are the little holes that surround the central canal?

A

Lacuna

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16
Q

What does the lacuna hold?

A

Osteocytes

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17
Q

What are the growth rings that the lacuna is formed of called?

A

Lamella/lamellae

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18
Q

What does spongy bone lack that compact bone has?

A

Osteons

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19
Q

What are the 2 main parts of spongy bone?

A

Trabeculae and marrow cavities

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20
Q

What kind of stress does the trabeculae handle?

A

Stress from multiple directions

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21
Q

What is the shape of trabeculae?

A

Fine, irregular plates

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22
Q

What’s another word for marrow cavities?

A

Medullary cavities

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23
Q

What, other than the osteon, is capable of laying down new bone?

A

Periosteum

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24
Q

What is periosteum made of?

A

Dense connective tissue

25
Q

What lines the inner surfaces and spicules of spongy bone?

A

Endosteum

26
Q

Where does the majority and minority of bone blood supply come from?

A

Endosteal blood vessels
(They run with the endosteum)
Periosteal blood vessels (superficial to endosteal)

27
Q

What are two gener types of bone development?

A

Intramembrous and endochondral

28
Q

Stages of intramembrous bone development?

A

Mesanchymal cells > mineralization> bone

29
Q

Stages of endochondral bone development?

A

Mesenchymal cells> cartilage model> mineralization> bone

30
Q

What is chondra the root word for?

A

Cartilage

31
Q

What is the beginning of ossification in a bone usually triggered by?

A

(Vascular invasion) The invasion of a blood vessel

32
Q

What is the hyaline cartilage that is present inbetween bone and bone as a child?

A

Epiphyseal plate

33
Q

What does the epiphyseal plate become for an adult?

A

Articular cartilage

34
Q

Middle area of tubular bone?

A

Diaphysis

35
Q

Where is the secondary ossification Center for growing bones?

A

Epiphysis(es)

36
Q

Where are epiphyses on the bone during bone development?

A

On both ends of tubular bones

37
Q

What is the function of an epiphyseal plate? (Growth plate)

A

Cartilage-to-bone transition

38
Q

What is the epiphyseal line?

A

Point of fusion of diaphysis and epiphysis

39
Q

What kinds of bones are humerus and femur?

A

Tubular

40
Q

What kinds of bones are tarsals and carpals?

A

Short (cuboidal) bones

41
Q

What kind of bones are cranium bones?

A

Flat bones

42
Q

What kind of bones are face and vertebrae?

A

Irregular bones

43
Q

What bones grow within connective tissue?

A

Sesamoid bones

44
Q

What is another word for joint?

A

Articulation

45
Q

What is the definition of joint/articulation?

A

Where two bones meet!

46
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

47
Q

What are fibrous joints united by?

A

fibrous tissue

48
Q

What are the 3 sub-types of fibrous joints?

A

Gomphosis
Suture
Syndesmosis

49
Q

What is an exame of a gomphosis fibrous joints?

A

The pieces of connective tissue connecting the jawbone to the tooth.

50
Q

What is an example of suture fibrous joint?

A

The microscopic connective tissue between bone and bone on the cranium

51
Q

What is the common structure of syndesmosis fibrous joints and what is an example of it?

A

Syndesmoses are usually shaped like a sheet of connective tissues connecting one bone to another bone.
Example: connects the radius to the ulna. (interosseous membrane)

52
Q

What is the name of the connective joint the connects the tibia to fibula and the radius to the ulna?

A

interosseous membrane

53
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Primary (synchondrosis) hyaline cartilage for growing bones that will be replaced by new
Secondary (Symphasis) fibrocartilage makes up intervertebral discs and pubis Symphasis

54
Q

What are the four characteristics of synovial joints?

A
  • Articular capsule (fibrous layer, synovial membrane)
  • Cavity filled with synovial fluid
  • Bones at joint layered with articular cartilage
  • Supported by ligaments
55
Q

What are the 6 different classifications of joints and their movements?

A

Pivot- rotation
Hinge- flexion/extension
Saddle- front to back/side to side (biaxial)
Condyloid- wobble side to side/front to back (fingers)
Plane- two flat bones sliding
Ball and socket- multiaxial

56
Q

What is the bone region that consists of cranium, ribs, sternum and vertebral column called?

A

Axial skeleton

57
Q

What is the bone region that consists of the pelvic/pectoral girdles and the limbs?

A

Appendicular skeleton

58
Q

Where and what is pectoral girdle? What advantage does it have?

A

Articulates with axial skeleton at sternum.
Clavicle and scapula.
Free range of motion.

59
Q

Where and what is pelvic girdle? What advantage does it have?

A

Articulates with axial skeleton at sacrum.
L & R hip bones (is coxae) Ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Support weight.

BIO 2300 C (8 decks)

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