Integumentary System: Skin and it's derivatives Flashcards
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What is the hypodermis?
The subcutaneous layer (superficial fascia)
What are the two layers of the Integument?
- Epidermis
2. Dermis
What is the Epidermis?
The epithelium of the integument.
What is the dermis?
The dermis lies deep to the epidermis and ranges in thickness from 0.5 mm to 3.0 mm.
What are the 7 functions of the integument.
- Protection
- Prevention of water loss
- Temperature regulation
- Metabolic regulation
- Immune defense
- Sensory reception
- Excretion/secretion
The epidermis is the most __________ layer.
Superficial
Describe the structure of the epidermis.
Kerantinized, stratified squamous epithelium
Is the epidermis vascular or avascular?
Avascular
How many layers (strata) of distinct cell types make up the epidermis?
4-5
What are the 5 strata of the epidermis? From deepest to most superficial.
- Stratum basale
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum (found only in thick skin)
- Stratum corneum
Which layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Basale
The Stratum Basale is the only layer of the epidermis that is __________ active.
Mitotically
What are the three cell types in the stratum basale?
- Keratinocytes
- Tactile cells
- Melanocytes
What are keratinocytes?
They are the most abundant cell type in the dermis that produce the protein keratin.
What are tactile cells?
Tactile cells are scattered throughout the stratum basale that are sensitive to touch and secrete chemicals that stimulate sensitive nerve endings.
What are meranocytes?
Cells that produce melanin, a substance that protects keratinocytes from sun damage
Stratum spinosum is _________ layers thick.
Several
The stratum spinosum is made up of ____________ cells from the stratum basale.
Daughter
What does stratum spinosum cells differentiate into?
Non-dividing highly specialized keratinocytes
What stratum do epidermal dendritic cells appear in?
Stratum spinosum
What are epidermal dendritic cells?
Immune cells that help fight infection in the epidermis
What si the layer of the epidermis that is superficial to stratum spinosum?
Stratum granulosum
How many layers thick is stratum granulosum?
3-5 layers thick
What is the process called where the organelles of the cells in stratum granulosum begin to degrade and cytoplasm fills with concentrated keratin filaments?
Keratinization
What is the thin, translucent region, 2-3 layers thick that is superficial to the stratum granulosum?
Stratum lucidum
In the stratum lucidum, cells are filled with _________ which is a transparent intermediate product of keratin maturation.
Eleidin
Where is the stratum lucidum found?
Only in thick skin
What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis called?
Stratum corneum
When does the epidermis have five layers instead of four? What is the name of the “extra” layer?
Only in thick skin. Stratum lucidum.
In which layer are new cells made?
Stratum basale
What are the three cell types in stratum basale?
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Tactile cells
Which layer has living keratinocytes and dendritic cells?
Stratum spinosum
In which layer do cells start to die?
Stratum granulosum
Are the cells of the most superficial layer of the epidermis alive?
No