法律英语随身听 4 法律程序

Question 1

3. 法律程序

Answer 1

Legal Procedure

Question 2

（1）美国法律制度的运作采用对抗辩论式诉讼制度。

Answer 2

The American legal system operates under what is known as adversary system.

Question 3

对抗辩论式诉讼制度

Answer 3

adversary system

Question 4

采用

Answer 4

operates under

Question 5

（2）诉讼过程由法官控制，法官从理论上讲是不偏不倚的，而且往往是被动的，法官负责根据程序规定引导诉讼，并就出现的法律问题做出裁决。

Answer 5

Under the system, the proceeding is presided over by a theoretically unbiased and essentially passive judge, who is responsible for guiding the proceeding according to certain procedural rules and for making decisions on questions of laws that arise.

Question 6

不偏不倚的

Answer 6

unbiased

Question 7

essentially

Answer 7

[ɪˈsenʃəli]
adv. 本质上; 根本上; 基本上

[例句]It’s been believed for centuries that great writers, composers and scientists are essentially quite different from ordinary people
几个世纪以来人们一直相信伟大的作家、作曲家和科学家从根本上就与普通人大不相同。

Question 8

preside over sb. /sth.

Answer 8

1. To supervise and have authority over someone or something; 监督某人或某事；对某人或某事掌权
2. to control how someone or something operates.
   控制某人或某事的运作

e. g. The head of the department will preside over the faculty meeting.主持会议
e. g. It just felt like our relationship with Mike fell apart after he got that promotion and began presiding over our team. 掌权

Question 9

引导诉讼

Answer 9

guide the proceeding

Question 10

根据程序规定

Answer 10

according to certain procedural rules

Question 11

就出现的法律问题

Answer 11

on questions of laws that arise

Question 12

法律问题

Answer 12

questions of laws

Question 13

做出裁决

Answer 13

make decision

Question 14

诉讼过程

Answer 14

proceeding

Question 15

3.1 起诉和答辩

Answer 15

Complaint and Answer

Question 16

（1）民事诉讼通常是由被称作原告的一方当事人向法院提交起诉书开始的，起诉书中要说明法院对该案件具有管辖权的法律依据及原告的诉讼请求。

Answer 16

A civil action is normally initiated by filing with the court a complaint, where one party known as plaintiff sets out the basis for the court’s jurisdiction over the matter and the essential claims the plaintiff has against the defendant.

Question 17

民事诉讼

Answer 17

civil action

Question 18

通常

Answer 18

normally

Question 19

由。。。开始

Answer 19

is initiated by….

Question 20

向法院提交起诉书

Answer 20

file with the court a complaint

Question 21

被称作原告的一方当事人

Answer 21

one party known as plaintiff

Question 22

说明

Answer 22

set out

Question 23

法院对该案件具有管辖权的法律依据

Answer 23

the basis for the court’s jurisdiction over the matter

Question 24

法院对该案件有管辖权

Answer 24

the court has jurisdiction over the matter

Question 25

原告的诉讼请求

Answer 25

the essential claims the plaintiff has against the defendant

Question 26

（2）被告只有在收到法院发出的传票（通常附有一份起诉书）以后才有义务回答。

Answer 26

The defendant needs not respond until he/she receives a summons (usually accompanied by a copy of the complaint) issued by the court.

Question 27

收到传票

Answer 27

receive a summons

Question 28

法院发出的传票

Answer 28

a summons issued by a court

Question 29

附有

Answer 29

accompanied by

Question 30

一份起诉书

Answer 30

a copy of the complaint

Question 31

（3）提交起诉书以及送达传票标志着诉讼的开始。

Answer 31

Filing of a complaint and serving of a summons commences the proceeding.

Question 32

提交起诉书

Answer 32

Filing of a complaint

Question 33

送达传票

Answer 33

serving of a summons

Question 34

诉讼

Answer 34

proceeding

Question 35

（4）被告收到传票后，必须在指定时间内向法院递交答辩状。

Answer 35

While properly served with the summons the defendant must file an answer to the complaint within the stated time.

Question 36

收到传票后

Answer 36

while properly served with the summons

Question 37

while

Answer 37

conj. 在…期间; 当…的时候; 与…同时; (对比两件事物) …而，…然而;
n. 一段时间; 一会儿;
v. 消磨; 轻松地度过;

[例句]They were grinning and watching while one man laughed and poured beer over the head of another
当一个男人大笑着把啤酒倒在另一个人头上时，他们都在乐呵呵地看着。

[其他] 第三人称单数：whiles 复数：whiles 现在分词：whiling 过去式：whiled 过去分词：whiled

Question 38

向法院递交答辩状

Answer 38

file an answer to the complaint

Question 39

在指定时间内

Answer 39

within the stated time

Question 40

（5）被告在答辩状中会试图证明原告陈述的事实以及指控被告的法律责任是错误的。

Answer 40

In the answer the defendant shall seek to prove that the plaintiff is mistaken as to what happened factually and/or as to the defendant’s legal liability.

Question 41

在答辩状中

Answer 41

In the answer

Question 42

会试图证明

Answer 42

shall seek to prove

Question 43

原告陈述的事实是错误的

Answer 43

plaintiff is mistaken as to what happened factually

Question 44

原告指控被告的法律责任是错误的

Answer 44

plaintiff is mistaken as to the defendant’s legal liability

Question 45

陈述的事实

Answer 45

what happened factually

Question 46

被告的法律责任

Answer 46

the defendant’s legal liability

Question 47

（6）答辩中应对起诉书中所陈述的事实部分作出承认或否认。

Answer 47

The answer must include admissions or denials of the factual allegations of the complaint.

Question 48

承认

Answer 48

admit/admission

Question 49

否认

Answer 49

deny/denial

Question 50

allegation

Answer 50

[ˌæləˈɡeɪʃn]
n. (无证据的) 说法，指控;

[例句]The company has denied the allegations.
公司否认了这些指控。

[其他] 复数：allegations

Question 51

所指控的事实部分

Answer 51

factual allegations